Technical Language Units
Appendix A: mOngulu
| English
|
Oshikwanyama
|
| Chalkboard
|
Oshipelende
|
| Chalk
|
Omya
|
| Pen
|
Opena
|
| Pencil
|
Opena yekala
|
| Paper
|
Ombapila
|
| Book
|
Embo
|
| Exam
|
Ekonaakono
|
| Report / Certificate
|
Odjapo
|
| Workshop
|
Oshihongiilonga / Owekshopa
|
| Science (esp. Physical Science)
|
Ounongononi
|
| Mathematics
|
Omwaalu
|
| English
|
Oshiinglisa
|
| Afrikaans
|
Oshimbulu
|
| German
|
Oshindowishi
|
| Portuguese
|
Oshiputu
|
| Spanish
|
Oshispania
|
| Computers
|
Eekompiuta
|
| Principal
|
Omukulunhufikola
|
| Secretary
|
Hamushanga
|
| Grade
|
Ondodo
|
| Bag
|
Ondjato
|
| Learners
|
Ovalongwa / Ovanafikola
|
| Calculator
|
Okashina
|
| Electricity
|
Olusheno
|
| School Fund
|
Oshikefa shofikola
|
|
|
|
| Prepare
|
Lilongekida
|
| Invigilate / Proctor
|
Kalela
|
| Sit down
|
Kala omutumba
|
| Mark
|
Talela
|
| Stand up
|
Fikama
|
| Be quiet
|
Mwena
|
| Speak louder
|
Popya mokule / muule
|
| Speak softer
|
Popya kashona / pedu
|
| Read aloud
|
Lesha mokule
|
| Be late
|
Laata
|
| You are correct
|
Ou li mondjila
|
| You are not correct
|
Ku li mondjila / Owa puka
|
| Put that axe down
|
Tula ekuva pedu
|
Appendix B: nOvakalimo
| Oshikwanyama
|
English
|
| Volunteer
|
Omuliyambi
|
| Trainer
|
Omudeuli
|
| Community
|
Ovanhu vomomukunda / Ovakalimo
|
| Development
|
Ehumokomesho
|
| Observe
|
Talela
|
| Project
|
Opoloyeka
|
| Work (noun)
|
Oilonga
|
| Meeting
|
Oshihongi
|
| Parents’ meeting
|
Oshihongi shovadali
|
| School Board
|
Etonatelofikola
|
| Clinic
|
Okapangelo / Okilinika
|
| Headman
|
Omwene womukunda
|
| Fundraising
|
Ekongo loimaliwa
|
| Chairperson
|
Omunashipundi
|
| Treasurer
|
Omudiinini woiniwe
|
| Vote
|
Hoolola
|
|
|
|
| We came to this meeting to ...
|
Otwe ya poshihongi eshi sho ...
|
| Thank you for the opportunity ...
|
Tangi kompito ...
|
| Where can we get ... ?
|
Openi hatu dulu okumona ... ?
|
| Is there someone who can give us ...?
|
Opu na omunhu umwe ta dulu oku tu pa ... ?
|
| What does this community need?
|
Ovanhu vomomukunda ova pumbwa shike?
|
|
|
|
| Opens at ....
|
Otashi patulula po ....
|
| Closes at ....
|
Otashi pata po ....
|
| I train teachers.
|
Ohandi deula ovalongi.
|
| I am an HIV counsellor.
|
Ame omuhungimwenyo wo HIV.
|
Eshiivo loshongalele:
(Modify this letter for your own purposes.)
Omufimanekwa ............................ ,
Oto indilwa nefimaneko opo u uye koshingalele sho..........
Oshongalele otashi ningwa mo .......... potundi ........... Ohatu ka popya kombinga yo ................ .
Weni, ......................................
(Invitation to a meeting for the election of the school board:
Dear......, You are respectfully invited to come to a meeting of....... The meeting will take place on ..(date)...
at ...(time)... We are going to talk about......... Yours faithfully,)
Appendix C: Efe nge!
Some useful expressions for women dealing with unwanted suitors:
| English
|
Oshikwanyama
|
| I don’t want you. (works well and gets a laugh from all)
|
Inandi hala. / Inandi ku hala.
|
| Let go of me. / Leave me alone.
|
Efe nge!
|
| He is bothering me.
|
Ota hepeke nge.
|
| I am already married.
|
Onda hombolwa nale.
|
| I already have a man; I don’t want
|
Ondi na omusamane nale; inandi hala
|
| two.
|
vavali.
|
Quick Tips
- It is usually best not to insult. Inandi hala is strong enough, and doesn’t make people angry or defensive of their pride.
- An effective approach is to say aaye to everything and suck your teeth (’tsk) to show your disgust.
- If he asks, Omusamane woye oku li peni? (Where is your husband?), just say, kEumbo. (At home.)
Appendix D: Grammar Reference
| Person
|
Subject Concords
|
|
|
| English
|
Kwanyama
|
|
Past Active
|
Present Active
|
Future Active
|
Present Stative
|
Present Habitual
|
Possess. Suffix
|
Object Pronoun
|
| I
|
Ame
|
+
|
Onda
|
Ohandi
|
Ohandi ka
|
Ondi
|
Ohandi
|
-ange
|
nge
|
|
|
|
-
|
Inandi
|
Itandi
|
Itandi ka
|
Kandi
|
Ihandi
|
| You
|
Ove
|
+
|
Owa
|
Oto
|
Oto ka
|
Ou
|
Oho
|
-oye
|
ku
|
|
|
|
-
|
Ino
|
Ito
|
Ito ka
|
Ku
|
Iho
|
| He/She/ It
|
Ye
|
+
|
Okwa
|
Ota
|
Ota ka
|
Oku
|
Oha
|
-aye
|
mu
|
|
|
|
-
|
Ina
|
Ita
|
Ita ka
|
Ke
|
Iha
|
| We
|
Fye
|
+
|
Otwa
|
Ohatu
|
Ohatu ka
|
Otu
|
Ohatu
|
-etu
|
tu
|
|
|
|
-
|
Inatu
|
Itatu
|
Itatu ka
|
Katu
|
Ihatu
|
| You all
|
Nye
|
+
|
Omwa
|
Otamu
|
Otamu ka
|
Omu
|
Ohamu
|
-eni
|
mu
|
|
|
|
-
|
Inamu
|
Itamu
|
Itamu ka
|
Kamu
|
Ihamu
|
| They
|
Vo
|
+
|
Ova
|
Otava
|
Otava ka
|
Ove
|
Ohava
|
-avo
|
va
|
|
|
|
-
|
Inava
|
Itava
|
Itava ka
|
Kave
|
Ihava
|
| Noun Class
|
Singular Prefix
|
Plural Prefix
|
Number
|
Numerical Suffix
|
Normal Number
|
Some stative verbs:
|
| 1
|
omu-
|
ova-
|
1
|
-mwe
|
imwe
|
hole
|
like/love
|
| 1a
|
(none)
|
oo-
|
2
|
-vali
|
mbali
|
|
|
| 2
|
omu-
|
omi-
|
3
|
-tatu
|
nhatu
|
na
|
have
|
| 3
|
e-
|
oma-
|
4
|
-ne
|
nhee
|
|
|
| 4
|
oshi-
|
oi-
|
5
|
-tano
|
nhano
|
udite
|
feel
|
| 5
|
o-
|
ee-
|
6
|
-hamano
|
hamano
|
|
|
| 6
|
olu-
|
omalu-
|
7
|
-heyali
|
heyali
|
udite ko
|
hear/understand
|
| 7
|
oka-
|
ou-
|
8
|
-hetatu
|
hetatu
|
|
|
| 8
|
ou-
|
omau-
|
9
|
none
|
omuwoi
|
wete
|
see
|
| 9
|
oku-
|
omaku-
|
10
|
none
|
omulongo
|
shi
|
know
|
|
|
|
|
|
Subject Concord
|
|
| Noun Prefix
|
Possessive Prefix
|
Numerical Prefix
|
Adjective Prefix
|
Present Active
|
Present Stative
|
Object Pronoun
|
| omu- (things)
|
w-
|
u-
|
u-
|
otau
|
ou
|
u
|
| omi-
|
d-
|
- (i-)
|
di-
|
otadi
|
odi
|
di
|
| e-
|
l-
|
li-
|
li-
|
otali
|
oli
|
li
|
| oma-
|
-
|
a-
|
ma-
|
otaa
|
oku
|
a
|
| oshi-
|
sh-
|
shi-
|
shi-
|
otashi
|
oshi
|
shi
|
| oi-
|
y-
|
i-
|
i-
|
otai
|
oi
|
i
|
| olu-
|
l-
|
li-/ lu-
|
li-/ lu-
|
otali /otalu
|
oli / olu
|
lu
|
| oka-
|
k-
|
ka-
|
ka-
|
otaka
|
oke
|
ka
|
| ou- (plural)
|
v-
|
va-
|
va-
|
otava
|
ove
|
va
|
| ou- (singular)
|
w-
|
u-
|
u-
|
otau
|
ou
|
u
|
| oku-
|
kw-
|
ku-
|
ku-
|
otaku
|
oku
|
ku
|
| o-
|
y-
|
-
|
i-
|
otai
|
oi
|
i
|
| ee-
|
d-
|
-
|
di-
|
otadi
|
odi
|
di
|
| ku
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
otaku
|
oku
|
ko
|
| mu
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
otamu
|
omu
|
mo
|
| pu
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
otapu
|
opu
|
po
|
