The Anatomy and Physiology of Animals/Nervous System Worksheet
1. The diagram below is of a nerve cell or neurone.
- i. Add the following labels to the diagram.
- Axon; Myelin sheath; Cell body; Dendrites; Muscle fibres;
- ii. If you like, colour in the diagram as suggested below.
- Axon - purple;
- Myelin sheath - yellow;
- Cell body - blue;
- Dendrites - green;
- Muscle fibres – red;
- iii. Now indicate the direction that the nerve impulse travels.
2. There are three different kinds of neurone or nerve cell. Match each kind with its function.
- A. Motor neuron; B. Sensory neuron; C. Relay neuron;
| Kind of neurone | Function |
|---|---|
| ................................... | The nerve cell that carries impulses from a sense receptor
to the brain or spinal cord. |
| .................................... | The nerve cell that connects sensory and motor neurons |
| ..................................... | The nerve cell that transmits impulses from the brain
or spinal cord to a muscle or gland |
3. Match the descriptions in the table below with the terms in the list.
- A. Synapse; B. Axon; C. Myelin sheath; D. Nerve impulse; E. Sense receptor; F. Response;
- G.Reflex; H. Cell body; I. Dendrite; J. Nerve; K. Neurotransmitter; L. Axon terminal
| Term | Function |
|---|---|
| .............................. | 1. The long fibre that carries the nerve impulses. |
| .............................. | 2. A bundle of axons. |
| .............................. | 3. The connection between adjacent neurons. |
| ............................... | 4. The chemical secreted into the gap
between neurons at a synapse. |
| ............................... | 5. A rapid automatic response to a stimulus. |
| ............................... | 6. The covering of fatty material that
speeds up the passage of nerve impulses. |
| ................................... | 7. The structure at the end of an axon that produces neurotransmitters
to transmit the nerve impulse across the synapse. |
| ................................ | 8. The high speed signals that pass along the axons of nerve cells. |
| ................................ | 9. The branching filaments that conduct nerve impulses
towards the cell. |
| ..................................... | 10. The sense organ or cells that receive stimuli from within
and outside the body. |
| ..................................... | 11. The reaction to a stimulus by a muscle or gland. |
| ..................................... | 12.The part of the nerve cell containing the nucleus. |
4. The diagram below shows a cross-section of the spinal cord. Add the following labels to the diagram.
- Central canal; White matter; Dorsal root; Grey matter; Ventral root; Skin;
- Muscle; Sensory neuron; Relay neuron; Motor neuron; Pain receptors in skin
5.
- a) List in order the 3 different neurons involved in a reflex arc from the stimulus to the response.
| Stimulus | ........................... | ........................... | ........................... | Response |
|---|
- b) Name 3 different reflexes found in animals.
Reflex 1..............................
Reflex 2..............................
Reflex 3..............................
6. The diagram below shows the nervous system of a horse. Add the following labels.
- Brain; Spinal cord; Cranial nerves; Spinal nerves; Sciatic nerve; Nerves of the autonomic nervous system; Vagus nerve; Network of nerves to forelimb.
7. Indicate whether the following parts of the nervous system are part of the Central Nervous System CNS) or the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS).
| Part of nervous system | CNS or PNS? |
|---|---|
| Brain | ........................ |
| Autonomic nervous system | ........................ |
| Spinal nerves | ........................ |
| Spinal cord | ........................ |
| Cranial nerves | ......................... |
8. The diagram below shows a section of a dog’s brain. Add the labels in the list below and, if you like, colour in the diagram as suggested.
- Cerebellum - blue;
- Spinal cord - green;
- Medulla oblongata - orange;
- Hypothalamus - purple;
- Pituitary gland - red;
- Cerebral hemispheres – yellow.
9. Match the descriptions below with the terms in the list. You may need to use some terms more than once.
- A. Cerebral hemispheres; B. White matter; C. Cerebellum; D.Medulla oblongata; E. Hypothalamus; F. Pituitary; G. Grey matter; H. Meninges; I. Ventricles; J. Cerebrospinal fluid; K. Sulcus; L. Carotid artery
| Term | Description |
|---|---|
| ............................. | 1. Controls water balance and body temperature. |
| .............................. | 2. Where the respiratory rate is controlled. |
| ............................... | 3. Where posture, balance and voluntary muscle
movements are controlled. |
| ............................... | 4. Contains centres governing mental activity,
including intelligence, memory, and learning. |
| ............................... | 5. The tough fibrous envelope enclosing the
brain and spinal cord. |
| ............................... | 6. The “master” gland of the endocrine system. |
| ............................... | 7. Responsible for instigating voluntary movements. |
| ............................... | 8. The fluid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord. |
| .............................. | 9. Composed of cell bodies and nuclei. |
| .............................. | 10. Composed of axons. |
| ............................... | 11. Where the sensations of sight, sound, taste etc.
are interpreted. |
| ................................ | 12. Spaces in the brain filled with cerebral spinal fluid. |
| ................................ | 13. A fold in the cerebral cortex. |
| ................................. | 14. The artery that supplies the brain with oxygenated blood. |
10. Match the descriptions below with the parts of the nervous system in the list. You may need to use some terms more than once.
- A. Autonomic nervous system; B. Central nervous system; C. Peripheral nervous system;
- D. Parasympathetic nervous system; E. Sympathetic nervous system
| Description | Part of the nervous system |
|---|---|
| 1. Part of the nervous system that is composed of the
brain and the spinal cord. |
........................ |
| 2. Part of the nervous system that is composed of the
cranial and spinal nerves. |
.......................... |
| 3. The part of the peripheral nervous system that regulates
the activity of the heart and smooth muscle. |
........................... |
| 4. The part of the autonomic nervous system that increases heart and
respiratory rates, increases blood flow to the skeletal muscles and dilates the pupils of the eye. |
............................ |
| 5. The part of the autonomic nervous system that increases gut activity
and decreases heart and respiratory rates. |
............................ |
11. Name the nerves described below using the choices in the list.
- Olfactory nerve; Sciatic nerve; Vagus nerve; Optic nerve; Vestibular nerve
| Nerve | Description |
|---|---|
| .......................... | 1. The 8th cranial nerve that carries impulses from the organs of
balance and hearing to the brain. |
| ........................... | 2. The 2nd cranial nerve that carries nervous impulses from the
retina of the eye to the brain. |
| ............................ | 3. The largest nerve in the body serving the muscles of the leg. |
| ............................ | 4. The 1st cranial nerve that carries impulses from the organ of smell
in the nose to the brain. |
| .............................. | 5. The 10th cranial nerve that supplies the pharynx, lungs, heart,
stomach and most of the abdominal organs. |
