West Africa from C.1000 to Independence

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Trans-Saharan trade and its influence on the development of West Africa

The rise, expansion, development, and decline of Ghana, Mali, Songhai, and Kanem-Bornu empires

The political, economic, and social organisation of the people of Senegambia

The Woloff, Fule, and Mandika States


The rise, expansion and political, economic, and social organisation of:

Oyo, Benin, Dahomey, and Asante (Ashanti) The importance of Yoruba and Benin art.

External trade on the West Coast of Africa and its effects up to 1800

The political and economic development of teh Coastal States

Sierra Leone, Liberia, Fante, the Yoruba States, Niger Delta States; the decline of the slave trade and the development of new trade

The Islamic movements of the 19th Century

Fulani, Kanem-Bornu Tokolor, and the Mandika Empire.

Christian missionary activity and its significance before and after the Scramble.

European imperialism in West Africa and African response

Ahmadu, Samori, Asante, the Fante Confederation, Dahomey, Niger Delta States, Benin, the Fulani Emirates.

West Africa under colonial rule

French system of administration; British system with special reference to Ghana and Nigeria; the German system in Togo

Economic and social developments under colonial rule

changes in communications, industry, commerce and agriculture; urbanisation; health and education; all with special reference to Senegal and Ghana.

National movements in West Africa since 1900 and the regaining of independence

with special attention to Ghana, Nigeria, the Rasamblement Democratique Africain (RDA) and Guinea Bissau