Science process skills/Observing
Observation
| I. Teacher fixes a glass plate on the table as shown in figure-1 [1]. With the help of torch light, light is focused through the glass plate.
What do you observe in the above experiment? Probable answers:
|
|
Note for teachers: Similar answers with different terms/terminology are graded in the same way.
| II. Teacher fixes a small wooden plank on the table and focuses a torch on it (as shown in the figure-2 [2]).
What do you observe in the above experiment? Probable answers:
|
|
| III. Teacher arranges one oily paper on the table and focuses a torch light on it as shown in the figure [3].
What do you observe in the above experiment? Probable answers:
|
|
| IV. Put an object before plane mirror (namely a toy) and the student is asked to observe the image formed by the plane mirror. The image formed is a virtual image.
Question – 1: What do you observe about the size of the image? Probable answers and assessment: a)The image formed is smaller in size than the object. ‘B’ grade b)The image formed is of the same size of the object. ‘A’ grade Question – 2: What difference do you observe when object and image are compared? Probable answers and assessment: a)No difference is observed. ‘B’ grade b)It is observed that left and right are inversed. ‘A’ grade
|
| V. Teacher keeps a plane mirror, a concave mirror and a convex mirror on the table. He also arranges identical objects before them (before ‘f’ focal point) and asks the students to observe the images formed.
Look at the images and describe the images formed in all three types of mirrors. 1)Image formed in is similar in size in case of plane mirror and images in case of concave and convex mirrors images are different. ‘C’ grade 2)It is observed that image formed in case of concave mirror is bigger in size than the object and the image formed by convex mirror is smaller in size virtual images are formed. ‘B’ grade 3)It is observed that in case of concave mirror, when the object is kept beyond ‘f’ focal point, image is not formed within the mirror, but a real image is formed which could be caught over a screen. ‘A’ grade
|
| VI. Characteristics of the images formed by the concave mirror when the object is gradually taken away from the concave mirror (viz. 10 cms, 15 cms, 20 cms away from the concave mirror).
What do you observe from this activity? (Is the size of the image and object same?) 1)Size of the image and object are different. ‘C’ grade 2)Size of the image is changing when compared ‘B’ to that of the object. ‘B’ grade 3)It is observed that gradually the size of the image is changing/reducing. ‘A’ grade
|
| VII. Teacher shows a specimen of fish or a chart.
Observe the organism and write the external features. 1.It has gills 2.It has fins 3.It has scales 4.It has spindle shape 5.It has eyes 6.It has mouth 7.It has tail
|
|
More the relevant answers given by a child rewarded with a higher grade and irrelevant answers is graded low. Example: For 1 to 4 – ‘A’ grade For 2 or 3 answers from 1 to 4 – ‘B’ grade For 5 to 7 answers lowest – ‘C’ grade
|
Note for teachers:
Similar answers with different terms/terminology are graded in the same way.
| VIII. Children are given specimen/charts of different fishes like Rohn, Catla, etc. and are asked to make a note of observations as per the table given below.
|
| S.No> | Name of the Fish | Shape | Color | Number of Fins |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Rahu | |||
| 2 | Catla | |||
| 3 | Tilapia |
|
| IX. Teacher shows two fishes – Rohu and Tilapia
Question: Observe two fishes and write any two differences. Answers: 1.Rohu has dissected tail fin, it has spindle shape and it has small median fin. 2.Tilapia has un-dissected tail fin, flat in shape has big median fin. (if any two relevant features are given, highest grade) 3.Katla has big scales, wide mouth, Rhomboid shape (if any two relevant features are also given) – ‘A’ grade
|
| X. A fish is taken out of fresh water and put in saline water.
What will happen after some time? 1.It will swim/survive - ‘B’ grade 2.It will die - ‘C’ grade 3.It will struggle for some time and then die – ‘A’ grade
|
| XI. To an aquarium, readymade food and natural food are added from two different corners.
What do you observe? 1.Fishes moving towards food. 2.Fishes moving towards natural food. 3.Fishes moving towards readymade food. 4.More fishes moving towards natural food. Answer – 4 is graded highest.
|
| XII. Present two experimental setups as shown in the figure [4].
Draw the attention of the children towards the experiment setup and ask them to observe the bottle – A and record the same. a.Bean seeds – ‘C’ grade b.Another small beaker – ‘C’ grade c.Rubber stopper – ‘C’ grade d.Small beaker with some liquid – ‘B’ grade e.Germinating bean seeds – ‘A’ grade f.Liquid in small beaker is colorless – ‘A’ grade Draw the attention of the children towards bottle – B and ask them to list the differences between bottle – A and bottle – B. a.No difference – ‘C’ grade b.A has germinating seeds, B has dry seeds – ‘A’ grade c.The liquid in small beaker of A is slightly white – ‘B’ grade d.It is more whitish than in the bottle B – ‘A’ grade
|
| XIII. Present a graph showing the relationship between temperature and rate of respiration [5].
|
Guidelines to teachers: Initiate children to make observation.
1. At what temperature rate of respiration is high?
| S.No. | Answer | Grade | Marks |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 400 | A | Three if Accurate |
| 2 | 300 | B | Two if observation at close proximity to correct one |
| 3 | 600 | C | One for attemting to make observation |
| 4 | No Response | No Grade | Zero for non-response |
2. What relation do you observe between temperature and rate of respiration up to 400C?
a) It increases – B grade/2 marks
b) It decreases – C grade/1 mark
c) There is an uniform increase in the rate for every 100C in the raise of temperature – A grade/3 marks
d) No response – No grade/zero mark
| 
