Openchemistry/Qualitative Analysis

What is Qualitative Analysis?

Qualitative: This is to do with te quality of something.  Answering, what is in the solution?

Analysis: detailed looking (examination) to determine what something is.

In chemistry this is a fancy way for us to say, "we are finding out what ions are in this solution".  There are a few terms that are helpful to understand and some easier faster ways to say what is happening. 

Solubility

1. Define the terms solute, solvent, solution, solubility and saturated.
2. Describe in detail the dissolving process and account for the changes which occur.
3. Write the equations showing the solvation of ionic solutes in water and know that this is not a chemical reaction.
4. Recall the solubility rules for nitrates, sulfates, carbonates, hydroxides, oxides, chlorides, and sodium, potassium and ammonium compounds.
5. Write net ionic equations for precipitation reactions.
6. Know the tests which characterise the following ions: Ag⁺, Mg²⁺, Cu²⁺, Pb²⁺, Al³⁺, Fe³⁺, Cl^-, I^-, SO₄^2-, CO₃^2-
7. Identify the ions contained in unknown solutions by carrying out a logical sequence of tests.
8. Know what a complex ion is and how one is formed.