Necessary conditions for deadlock

A deadlock situation can arise if and only if the following four conditions hold simultaneously in a system-

Mutual Exclusion: At least one resource is held in a non-sharable mode that is only one process at a time can use the resource. If another process requests that resource, the requesting process must be delayed until the resource has been released.

Hold and Wait:There must exist a process that is holding at least one resource and is waiting to acquire additional resources that are currently being held by other processes.

No Preemption: Resouces cannot be preempted; that is, a resource can only be released voluntarily by the process holding it, after the process has completed its task.

Circular Wait: There must exist a set {p₀, p₁,.....p_n} of waiting processes such that p₀ is waiting for a resource which is held by p₁, p₁ is waiting for a resource which is held by p₂,..., p_n-1 is waiting for a resource which is held by p_n and p_n is waiting for a resource which is held by p₀.