Dimensions of openness in education/Introduction to open education/Raw content

• Open learning Open learning is learning without barriers such as cost, prerequisites, or content that is inaccessible to students with seeing, hearing, or other physical impairments. Other barriers are technologies that are unavailable to learners. Open learning is also about flexibility in time and space, so that learners can study anytime and anywhere. Definition based partly on Tony Bates’ article: http://www.tonybates.ca/2008/07/07/what-is-distance-education/

• Open data is data that is available at low or no cost in a modifiable form that can be re-used, redistributed, or remixed with other data while respecting practices with regards to Creative Commons licenses. • Open educational resources

OER are teaching, learning, and research resources that reside in the public domain or have been released under an intellectual property license that permits their free use and re-purposing by others. Open educational resources include full courses, course materials, modules, textbooks, streaming videos, tests, software, and any other tools, materials, or techniques used to support access to knowledge.

OER Defined, William and Flora Hewlett Foundation website. http://www.hewlett.org/programs/education/open-educational-resources

• Open educational practices “Open Educational Practices (OEP) constitute the range of practices around the creation, use and management of open educational resources with the intent to improve quality and innovate education.”

OEP guidelines by OPAL Guidelines for Open Educational Practices in Organizations http://oerworkshop.pbworks.com/w/file/fetch/44605120/OPAL-OEP-guidelines.pdf

• Open license “A license is a document that specifies what can and cannot be done with a work (whether sound, text, image or multimedia). It grants permissions and states restrictions. Broadly speaking, an open license is one which grants permission to access, re-use and redistribute a work with few or no restrictions.” Source: http://opendefinition.org/guide/

• Open access usually refers to journal articles “Open Access is the free, immediate, online availability of research articles, coupled with the rights to use these articles fully in the digital environment.” Source: http://www.sparc.arl.org/issues/open-access • Open source software “Open source software is software that can be freely used, changed, and shared (in modified or unmodified form) by anyone. Open source software is made by many people, and distributed under licenses that comply with the Open Source Definition.” Source: http://opensource.org/

• Open pedagogy “Open pedagogy is that set of teaching and learning practices only possible in the context of the free access and [5]R permissions characteristic of open educational resources.” Source: http://opencontent.org/blog/archives/2975

• Open teaching “"Open teaching is described as the facilitation of learning experiences that are open, transparent, collaborative, and social. Open teachers are advocates of a free and open knowledge society, and support their students in the critical consumption, production, connection, and synthesis of knowledge through the shared development of learning networks.” Source (Quote attributed to Alec Couros): http://p2pfoundation.net/Open_Teaching

• Open design “Open design refers to the creation and development of potentially meaningful learning experiences through open and transparent collaboration among course developers and peers using open educational resources, open educational practices and open technologies.” Source: http://wikieducator.org/Digital_skills_for_collaborative_OER_development/Design_blueprint/Open_design