Personal Development Model

Based on Carl Rogers’ work, he believes that positive human relationships enable people to grow.Therefore instruction should be based on concepts of human relations.
 * Non-directive Teaching Model
 * Importance:
 * Teacher helps students to explore new ideas.
 * Students have freedom to making decisions and choices.
 * Teacher and students are partners in learning.
 * Nurtures and moulds students to be the way they are.
 * Encourages students to think and reflect their uncertain feelings and become better and be positive.


 * The importance of positive self concepts
 * Gain knowledge and experiences by enhancing their interests in learning through self-concepts.
 * Teacher shows positive approaches and optimistic reinforcements.
 * Boost their confidence.
 * Provide opportunities for students to express their ideas and listen to other’s opinions.


 * Developing self positive concepts
 * Appreciate the abilities and talents one possesses.
 * Positive self-concepts evolves with the moral values that should be emphasised among students.
 * Activities that help: Group/Individual Presentation, musical performances, stage performances.


 * Project Model
 * Based on the belief that learning would be effective if pupils are interested and ready to carry out learning activities.Examples of Project Model:
 * Research Project
 * Teacher determines suitable research topic in accordance to the pupils’ experience, ability and interest.
 * Aims and procedures must be determined first and pupils are informed about this.
 * Teacher prepares relevant materials (check list, questions to be answered, etc.) to facilitate pupils.
 * Research should be carried out safely & every pupil should actively involve in group activities.
 * Teacher supervises and provides guidance to pupils.
 * Teacher discusses the outcomes of research & evaluation should be conducted after research is completed.


 * Handicraft Project
 * Planning of the project is based on pupils’ interest and ability.
 * Prepare sufficient materials.
 * Explain procedure precisely.
 * Show examples of correct ways to do the project.
 * Time period is required!
 * Discussion is carried out to assess the work when it is done.
 * Display good quality work to the other students.


 * Educational Visit
 * Before the Visit:
 * Identify the place of visit.
 * Obtain permission.
 * Arrange for transport.
 * Conduct briefing session regarding safety, precautions, behaviours, aims of visit and regulations.
 * Prepare sufficient equipments
 * During the Visit:
 * Divide pupils into several small groups.
 * Every pupil should actively involve.
 * Watch out for pupils’ safety.
 * Give appropriate response to pupils’ inquiry.
 * After the Visit:
 * Hold discussion session with pupils regarding their observations.
 * Plan follow-up activity (making model, draw plan or model, display things)


 * The importance of project model
 * Students able to relate their previous experiences to what they are studying.
 * Able to understand objectives of the projects before and after lesson.
 * Fun activities that attract students’ interests in learning more & apply what they have learnt.Moral values are applied.Theories, facts & hypotheses are brought into practices (I do, I remember & understand).
 * Co-operations among students.
 * Direct experiences & additional knowledge