Creating sustainable futures/CSF101/Defining sustainability/Basic human needs

For a healthy society we need healthy individuals. By understanding what needs humans have as a biological species, we can work towards a social and economic system where people are better placed to meet their needs.

The work of Manfred Max-Neef, Antonio Elizalde and Martin Hopenhayn on human-scale development identified a set of nine basic needs that are shared by all humans by virtue of their biology. Their work determined that all humans are capable of meeting these needs to their own satisfaction, so long as barriers (social, economic or environmental) do not prevent them from being able to do so.

The identified needs are:
 * subsistence - e.g. food and water
 * protection - e.g. shelter, or health insurance
 * participation - e.g. voting, involvement in decision-making
 * leisure - e.g. reflection, recreation, free time
 * affection - e.g. love, empathy, friendship
 * understanding - e.g. education, training
 * creativity - e.g. skills, innovation
 * identity - e.g. culture, religion
 * freedom - e.g. equal rights, self determination