Learning and Teaching in Practice/Andragogy/Learning and teaching methods

''Teachers need to use a variety of methods when facilitating learning experiences for adults. Skills for independent and self-directed learning need to be recognised and scaffolded appropriately. Existing experience needs to be acknowledged and built on through active learning.''

Expert adult learners: To engage and motivate adult students, 10 learning and teaching principles and theories are recommended, and are outlined in Goalposts. This is a the New Zealand-based resource, based on current and influential ideas. It is aimed at new teachers but is also relevant for experienced teachers.

(Honeyfield & Fraser, 2013).
 * 1) Prior knowledge and experience
 * 2) The importance of culture
 * 3) Respectful partnerships and relationships
 * 4) Autonomous and independent
 * 5) Goals and motivation
 * 6) Relevant and practical
 * 7) Learning styles and ways of thinking
 * 8) Critical reflection
 * 9) Environment for learning
 * 10) Change and transformative learning.

Work-based training: Nancy Johnson (2011) has prepared a useful article about Facilitating the best adult learning experiences. She explains What? Why? and How? in five steps with an overview of some techniques for providing a range of different learning experiences. It has a focus for training in the workplace. Suggestions for using audiovisual tools are suggested.

Vocational education: Lucas, Spencer and Claxton (2012) describe a number of methods for learning and teaching in vocational settings. How to teach vocational education: a theory of vocational pedagogy.