Microeconomics production and consumption/Markets and individual maximizing behaviour

Markets and individual maximizing behaviour
Here we will examine the ways in which markets increase overall welfare through the concepts of consumer and producer surplus. We will discuss the concepts of marginal costs and benefits and take a look at how they affect a firm's decision on whether or not to make one more or one less product.

We have already learned that, at its most fundamental level, microeconomics is the study of how we make decisions. To expand on this point, we need to distinguish between the either/ordecision and the how much decision. You will find this concept useful when looking more closely at why firms produce certain levels of output, taking into consideration opportunity cost and sunk (fixed) cost.

We conclude with the causes and ramifications of income inequality. While there is much debate about how to address long term inequality, economists can objectively measure the problem's scope and offer options to manage this economic phenomenon. Protracted poverty and inequality can cause long term harm to an economy's development.