Physical Sciences

=PHYSICAL SCIENCES=

=MODULE UNIT DESCRIPTION= This module unit aims at the fundamentals of chemistry and Physics which form the basics for practical application in building and civil engineering works.

=PURPOSE= The sub-module unit is designed to equip the trainee with the basic principles of Chemistry and Physics applicable in building and civil engineering.

=GENERAL OBJECTIVES= At the end of the module unit, the trainee should be able to:
 * 1) Apply the basic principles of chemistry and Physics to practical areas in the field of Building and Civil Engineering.
 * 2) Observe safe working habits in the laboratory

=MODULE SUMMARY AND TIME ALLOCATION= CODE 	SUB-MODULE UNIT 	CONTENT 	TIME T	P	TOTAL 12.1.1	ATOMIC STRUCTURE AND BONDING 	•	Description of Atomic Structure •	Importance of outermost electrons in chemical bonding •	Features of chemical bond •	Bond type 	2	3	5 12.1.2	MOLE CONCEPT FORMULAE AND CHEMICAL REACTIONS	•	Definitions of terms •	Chemical equations •	Oxidation/reduction •	Application in redox reactions •	Role of water in ionization •		2	3	5 12.1.3	ACIDS, BASES AND SALTS 	•	Definition of terms •	Strength of acids and bases •	Properties of acids, bases and salts •	Preparation of a given salt	2	2	4 12.1.4	HARDNESS OF WATER 	•	Meaning of hard water and soft water •	Causes of hardness in water •	Process of softening hard water 	2	3	5 12.1.5	POLYMERS 	•	Definitions of terms •	Types of polymers •	Disposal of polymers 	2	3	5 12.1.6	NUCLEAR CHMISTRY 	•	Meaning of radio activity •	Nature of radio activity •	Radio activity decay service •	Application of radio isotype •	Non destructive testing 	2	2	4 12.1.7	OPTICS 	•	Nature of light •	Laws of reflection •	Laws of refraction •	Types of mirrors •	Dispersion of light •	Optical instrument 	2	2	4 12.1.8	SOUND 	•	Sources of sound •	Propagation of sound •	Production of sound 	3	3	6 12.1.9	MECHANICS 	•	Types of forces •	Varying •	Uniformly distributed •	Concentrated •	Movements 	3	3	6 TOTAL 	44 =ATOMIC STRUCTURE AND BONDING= THEORY =Specific Objectives= By the end of the sub-module unit the trainee should be able to:
 * 1) describe the structure of an atom
 * 2) explain the importance of outermost electronics in chemical bonding
 * 3) outline the main features of chemical bonds
 * 4) explain the effect of bond type and structure on the physical properties of common construction  materials

=Content=
 * Description of structure of an atom
 * importance of outermost electrons in chemical bonding
 * Main features of chemical bonds:ionic,covalent,dative and hydrogen
 * Effect of bond type and structure on physical properties of common construction materials

=Competences= Ability to:
 * Apply the atomic structure and bonding in Nuclear Chemistry
 * Relate bound type and structure to properties of common construction materials

=Suggested Learning Resources=
 * Modern inorganic chemistry by F. Liptrot
 * Chemistry in context by Graham Hill and John S. Holman

=Suggested Learning/Teaching Activities=
 * Discussion
 * Demonstration

=Suggested Assessment Methods=


 * Tests

=MOLE CONCEPT FORMULAE AND CHEMICAL REACTIONS= THEORY =Specific Objectives= By the end of the sub-module unit, the trainee should be able to: define the terms mole, molar solution and standard solution
 * 1) write balanced chemical equations
 * 2) explain the process of oxidation and reduction
 * 3) apply redox reactions to corrosion/reduction of ores
 * 4) explain the role of h2o in ionization

=Content=
 * Definition of terms
 * Chemical equations
 * Oxidation/Reduction
 * Application of redox reactions
 * The role of water in ionization

=Competences= Ability to:
 * Explain the process of oxidation/reduction
 * Apply redox reactions to corrosion/reduction of ores
 * Perform experiment on electrolysis of water

=Suggested Teaching/ Learning Resources=
 * Modern inorganic chemistry by F. Liptrot
 * Chemistry in context by Graham Hill and John S. Holman

=Suggested Learning/Teaching Methods=
 * Assessments
 * Written tests
 * Discussion
 * Lab experiments on electrolysis of H20

=ACIDS, BASES AND SALTS= THEORY =Specific Objectives= By the end of the sub-module unit, the trainee should be able to:
 * 1) define the terms acid, base and salt and ph
 * 2) explain the strength of acids and bases
 * 3) explain the properties of acids, bases and salts
 * 4) describe the preparation of a given salt

=Content=
 * Definition of terms
 * Strength of acids and Bases
 * Properties of Acids, Bases and salts
 * Preparation of a given salt

=Competences= Ability to:
 * Determine the degree of acidity basicity of a given substance
 * Perform Acid/base titrations in the laboratory

=Suggested Learning Resources=
 * Modern inorganic chemistry by F. Liptrot.
 * Chemistry in context

=Suggested Learning/Teaching Methods=
 * Discussion
 * Lab experiment
 * Demonstration of acid base titration
 * Written tests

=HARDNESS OF WATER= THEORY =Specific Objectives= By the end of the sub-module unit, the trainee should be able to:
 * 1) Explain the terms hard water and soft water
 * 2) Outline the causes of temporary and permanent hardness
 * 3) Explain the process of softening hard water

=Content=
 * Meaning of hard water and soft water
 * Causes of hardness in water
 * Process of softening hard water

=Competences= Ability to:
 * Differentiate between hard and soft water
 * Identify the causes of temporary and permanent hardness of water
 * Soften hard water

=Suggested Learning Resources=
 * Modern inorganic chemistry F. Liptrot O.
 * Chemistry in context edition by Graham Hill and John S. Holman

=POLYMERS= THEORY =Specific Objectives= By the end of the topic sub-unit, the trainee should be able to:
 * 1) define terms used in polymerization
 * 2) explain the types of polymerization
 * 3) differentiate between natural and synthetic polymers
 * 4) explain disposal of polymers

=Content=
 * Definition of terms:monomers,polymers and polymerization
 * Types of polymers:natural and synthetic
 * Disposal of polymers

=Competences= Ability to: Distinguish between natural and synthetic polymers
 * Observe safe disposal methods

=Suggested Learning Resources=
 * Textbooks
 * Charts
 * Realia
 * Materials i.e.plastics and wood

=Suggested Teaching/Learning Methods=
 * Discussion
 * Field trips
 * Demonstration

=NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY= THEORY =Specific Objectives= By the end of the sub-module unit the trainee should be able to:
 * 1) define radioactivity
 * 2) explain the nature of radioactivity
 * 3) outline a given radioactive decay services
 * 4) state the application of radio isotopes
 * 5) apply the principles of radio activity in non-destructive testing

=Content=
 * Meaning of radioactivity
 * Nature of radioactivity
 * Radioactivity decay services
 * Application of radio isotopes
 * Apply the principles of radioactivity in non-destructive testing

=Competence= Ability to:
 * apply the principles of radioactivity in non-destructive testing

=Suggested Learning Resources=
 * Modern inorganic chemistry by F. Liptrot
 * Charts
 * Internet
 * Newspapers and magazines

=Suggested Learning/Teaching Methods=
 * Discussion
 * Demonstration
 * Field visits

=Suggested Assessment Methods=
 * Written tests
 * Oral test

=OPTICS= THEORY =Specific Objectives= By the end of the sub-module unit, the trainee should be able to:
 * 1) describe the nature of light
 * 2) state the laws of reflection and refraction
 * 3) describe types of mirrors and images formed
 * 4) describe dispersion of light
 * 5) operate optical instruments

=Content=
 * Nature of light
 * Laws of reflection
 * Laws of refraction
 * Types of mirrors:plane and curved
 * Dispersion of light by fluids,prisms and rectangular blocks
 * Optical instruments:cameras
 * projector:magnifying glass

=Competence= Ability to:
 * use common optical instrument

=Suggested Learning Resources=
 * Textbooks
 * Internet
 * Optical instrument

=Suggested Learning/Teaching Methods=
 * Discussion
 * Lectures
 * Demonstration

=SOUND= THEORY =Specific Objectives= By the end of the sub-module unit, the trainee should be able to:
 * 1) describe the sources of sound
 * 2) describe how sound is propagated
 * 3) explain the production of sound

=Content=
 * Sources of sound
 * Propagation of sound in air,liquids and sounds
 * Production of sound:pitch,loudness and intensity

=Competence= Ability to:
 * regulate sound in the site

=Suggested Learning Resources=
 * Textbooks
 * Internet

=MECHANICS= THEORY =Specific Objectives= By the end of the sub-module unit the trainee should be able to:
 * 1) describe type of forces
 * 2) define moments
 * 3) apply principles of circular motion

=Content=
 * Types of forces:Varying,Uniformly distributed and Concentrated
 * Moments
 * Principle of moments
 * Circular motion

=Competences= Ability to:
 * Distinguish the type of forces
 * Apply principle of moments
 * Apply principles of circular motion

=Suggested Learning Resources=
 * Internet
 * Textbooks