Selecting the approach/es

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{|style="border-spacing:8px;margin:0px -8px" {|width="100%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="5" style="vertical-align:top;background-color:#f5fffa" !INTRODUCTION  Instructional methods are ways that information is presented to students. Such methods fall into two categories: teacher-centered approaches and student- centered approaches. There is not one "best" approach to instruction. Some goals are better suited to teacher-centered approaches while others clearly need student-centered approaches (Shuell, 1996). Teacher-centered instruction has been criticized as ineffective and grounded in behaviorism; (Marshall 1992, Stoddard, Connell, Stgofflett, and Peck 1993) however, this is not the case if delivered effectively (Eggen & Kauchak, 2001). Let's take a closer look at these approaches. Glossary  Let Us Understand the Terminology
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Instructional Models Models represent the broadest level of instructional practices and present a philosophical orientation to instruction. Models are used to select and to structure teaching strategies, methods, skills, and student activities for a particular instructional emphasis. Joyce and Weil (1986) identify four models: information processing, behaviourial, social interaction, and personal.

Instructional Strategies Within each model several strategies can be used. Strategies determine the approach a teacher may take to achieve learning objectives. Strategies can be classed as direct, indirect, interactive, experiential, or independent.

Instructional Methods Methods are used by teachers to create learning environments and to specify the nature of the activity in which the teacher and learner will be involved during the lesson. While particular methods are often associated with certain strategies, some methods may be found within a variety of strategies.

Instructional Skills Skills are the most specific instructional behaviours. These include such techniques as questioning, discussing, direction-giving, explaining, and demonstrating. They also include such actions as planning, structuring, focusing, and managing. 

 

LET US UNDERSTAND THE CRITERIA OF SELECTION
The pre-university class, unlike a class in the school, is a large class consisting of more number of students than 30-40 which is the strength in the high school. One of the most significant problems facing PU colleges is the persistence with teaching, administrative and organisational approaches that have been successful in small classes, but that are incompatible for use with large groups. Various authors, such as Biggs (1999) and McKeachie (1999) have highlighted a number of teaching techniques that can be utilised across a broad span of disciplines. Even though the class strength is a factor that influences our decision regarding choice of method, a lecturer will also need to use the approaches suitable for individualized and small group instruction since there will be a need for students to work alone for direct, first-hand and field experience. Apart from the size of the group, there are other criteria that influence our decision regarding method selection. They are: !Learner Background as a Factor  Although many students adapt to these new circumstances, it is advisable that lecturers employ various teaching strategies designed to facilitate the adjustment for students struggling to come to terms with the university experience (McKeachie, 1999). Literature states that the First year students particularly benefit from being given feedback on their progress at an early stage in the course, whether in the form of assignments, exams or laboratory/tutorial assessments. You have known in the previous module that learner involvement varies in different methods. Also, the methods vary in terms of the extent of control that a learner may have in learning. Appropriately selected method would be based on these different learner background related considerations !Infrastructure and Resources as a Factor  ! <h2 style="margin:0;background-color:#ffa91f;font-size:120%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #a3b0bf;text-align:left;color:#000;padding:0.2em 0.4em;">
 * 1) Learner Background as a Factor
 * 2) The infrastructure and other resources available
 * 3) The learning outcome expected at the end of teaching
 * 4) The competence and skills of a Lecturer (as well as their incompetence)
 * 5) The subject matter content that we teach
 * Your student group consists of first year students who are facing an educational culture significantly departed from that experienced at high school. These students have graduate from an environment of rigid structure and close monitoring, to one of significantly greater freedom over time-tables, deadlines, work schedules and even whether or not they attend classes. In a way they are experiencing a different world.
 * Your student group consists of first year students who are facing an educational culture significantly departed from that experienced at high school. These students have graduate from an environment of rigid structure and close monitoring, to one of significantly greater freedom over time-tables, deadlines, work schedules and even whether or not they attend classes. In a way they are experiencing a different world.
 * Almost all methods require some or the other resource for their implementation. If some methods require a good library and reading material, other requires laboratory. There are methods needing technological facilities such as computer and internet whereas some methods need charts and maps. The extent to which resources are available in a PU college and their utility condition would also determine whether a lecturer would opt for a given method of teaching.
 * Almost all methods require some or the other resource for their implementation. If some methods require a good library and reading material, other requires laboratory. There are methods needing technological facilities such as computer and internet whereas some methods need charts and maps. The extent to which resources are available in a PU college and their utility condition would also determine whether a lecturer would opt for a given method of teaching.


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<h2 style="margin:0;background-color:#ffa91f;font-size:120%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #a3b0bf;text-align:left;color:#000;padding:0.2em 0.4em;"> <h2 style="margin:0;background:#8d9a42;font-size:140%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #a3bfb1;text-align:left;color:white;padding:0.2em 0.4em;">Competence and Skills of a Lecturer <BR>Here is a write-up on the relation between skills of teaching and the phases and methods of teaching. <h2 style="margin:0;background-color:#ffa91f;font-size:120%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #a3b0bf;text-align:left;color:#000;padding:0.2em 0.4em;"> <h2 style="margin:0;background-color:#cedff2;font-size:120%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #a3b0bf;text-align:left;color:#000;padding:0.2em 0.4em;"> Strengths and Weaknesses of Different Methods <h2 style="margin:0;background-color:#8d9a42;font-size:120%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #a3b0bf;text-align:left;color:#000;padding:0.2em 0.4em;"> You know by now that different methods have different advantages and limitations. Here is an account of the strengths and limitations of a few of them. <h2 style="margin:0;background-color:#ffa91f;font-size:120%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #a3b0bf;text-align:left;color:#000;padding:0.2em 0.4em;"> <h2 style="margin:0;background-color:#cedff2;font-size:120%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #a3b0bf;text-align:left;color:#000;padding:0.2em 0.4em;"> <h2 style="margin:0;background-color:#8d9a42;font-size:120%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #a3b0bf;text-align:left;color:#000;padding:0.2em 0.4em;">
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