Central Africa from C.1000 to Independence

Early civilizations and states
a) Great Zimbabwe, Mwene-Mutapa, Kongo;

b) Lunda-Luba States: Mwata Yamvo, Bemba, Mwata, Kazembe

c) Malawi States: Cewa, Undi

The Mfecane and its impact on Central Africa
Ngoni, Sotho, Lozi, Ndebele (Matabele) and Gaza

African trading systems and peoples
Lunda, Chokwe, Yao, Rozwi, Bisa and Swahili/Arab.

The scramble for and partition of Central Africa.
African response: Ndebele, Mashona, Lozi, Zande, Yeke, Yao, Gaza kingdom

Central Africa under colonial rule
Portuguese system of administration with special attention to Mozambique; British system with special attention to Northern Rhodesia (Zambia). Belgian system in Zaire (Democratic Republic of Congo); French system with special attention to Congo.

Economic and social developments under colonial rule
changes in communications, industry, commerce and agriculture; urbanisation; health and education; all with special reference to Northern Rhodesia (Zambia) and Southern Rhodesia (Zimbabwe).

Nationalist movements in Central Africa since 1900 and the regaining of Independence
with special attention to Zaire, Zambia, Malawi, and Mozambique