Primary & Secondary Education

Primary & Secondary Education

1.	Seifu, Semra. May 2006. “How soon is too soon? Introducing Technology in Primary School Classrooms”. http://topics.developmentgateway.org/elearning/rc/filedownload.do?itemId=1075152. A case study reviewing the challenges, rewards, and lessons learned from a two-year project of introducing the concept of technology to the rural least privileged schools of Rwanda.

2.	“E-Learning: Promoting Distance Education at the Secondary Level”. September 6, 2005. Windhoek, Namibia: UNESCO. http://portal.unesco.org/es/ev.php-URL_ID=28751&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=.html. A pilot project to develop effective ICT supported distance education delivery models and methodologies for secondary schools in Namibia. This collaborative venture between UNESCO and the Namibian College for Open Learning was initiated in January 2005.

3.	Odhiambo, Orlale. October 31, 2006. ”Landlocked country may soon become top ICT hub in Africa”. The Daily Nation. http://www.nationmedia.com/dailynation/nmgcontententry.asp?category_id=39&newsid=84493. All public schools in Rwanda are expected to join the information super-highway by the end of next year.

4.	“Somali Interactive Radio Instruction Program (SIRIP)”. International Education Systems. Project duration 2005 to 2008. http://ies.edc.org/ourwork/project.php?id=3734. Building on the success of the previous Interactive Radio Instruction for Somalis, SIRIP has a series of Interactive Radio Instruction (IRI) programs for students in grades 1 to 6.

5.	Howie, Sarah J., Anton Muller; and Andrew Paterson. 2005. “Information and Communication Technologies In South African secondary schools”. South Africa Human Sciences research Council. http://www.hsrcpress.ac.za/full_title_info.asp?id=1984. This book is based on the results of research undertaken in the Second Information Technology in Education Study (SITES), an international cross-sectional survey evaluating the status of ICT in relation to instructional activities across 26 countries.

6.	Howie, Sarah J., Anton Muller and Andrew Paterson. “ICT development in schools, an evaluation of South Africa”. 2005. Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC), South Africa / Nexus. http://www.eldis.org/cf/search/disp/docdisplay.cfm?doc=DOC18476&resource=f1. This study evaluates the use of ICT in South Africa, such as current infrastructure, connectivity, curriculum, and timetable allocations, and to a lesser extent classroom practice of ICT in South Africa.

7.	Hesselmark, O. and  J. Miller. 2002. “A Country ICT Study for Namibia”. Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida). http://www.eldis.org/cf/search/disp/docdisplay.cfm?doc=DOC17782&resource=1 This report covers the fifth in a series of country ICT surveys commissioned by Sida as part of its ongoing programme to support the use of ICT in developing countries.

8.	Leach, Jenny. “ICTs for teacher training, Egypt and South Africa”. June 2004. SoulBeat Africa. http://www.comminit.com/africa/strategicthinking/st2004/thinking-759.html. The results of research on the DEEP project shows that new digital technologies can have a significant role to play in transforming the opportunities for teacher education in developing countries.

9.	Chisholm, Linda, Rubby Dhunpath and Andrew Paterson. June 2004. “The use of ICTs in the curriculum in Botswana, Namibia and Seychelles”. The Southern African Development Community Education Policy Support Initiative (SADC EPSI), http://www.nied.edu.na/publications/other%20resources/ICTs%20FINAL%20REPORT.ag.8.6.2004.pdf. An overview of how each country has prioritised the implementation of ICTs in schools and developed related policy and curriculum.

10.	Kenya National ICT Strategy for Education and Training. 2006. Ministry of Education. http://www.education.go.ke/ICTStrategy.htm

11.	South Africa Draft ICT in Education Implementation Plan. 2006. National Department of Education. The document provides information on the status of access to and use of ICTs in SA schools and a proposed strategy to improve access, use and integration in learning and teaching.

12.	Conway, Kevin. 2003. “Tools for Educational Change”. IDRC  http://www.idrc.ca/en/ev-27301-201-1-DO_TOPIC.html. Students and teachers in the Mozambique SchoolNet network are using the Internet as a learning tool.

13.	“Africa Drive Project”. 2006. North West University. http://www.adp.org.za/images/03_adp/03_adp_ao.gif. In partnership with industry and government, the ADP has developed the Advanced Certificate in Education – in a nutshell – a project that aims to produce highly competent secondary school educators, who in turn will have the ability to deliver quality learning to students.

14.	Potter, Charles and Gordon Naidoo. May 2006. “Using Interactive Radio to Enhance Classroom Learning and Reach Schools, Classrooms, Teachers, and Learners”. Distance Education. 27 (1) : 63-86. http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/routledg/cdie/2006/00000027/00000001/art00005. This article provides a case study of the development of the Open Learning Systems Education Trust’s “English in Action” programme in South Africa from 1993 to the end of 2004.

15.	South Africa Department of Education. 2002. “Audit of Selected Educational ICT Projects in South Africa”. wef-ict-audit-final.doc. A bit dated, but a useful overview of key ICT4E projects in the schools sector in South Africa.

16.	“Aiti to Train Over 100 Tutors”. 2006. News Item on AllAfrica. http://allafrica.com/stories/printable/200609120015.html. Over one hundred ICT tutors from forty four Senior Secondary Schools in Ghana are to be trained in Ruby programming language as part of the on-going collaboration between the Ghana-India Kofi Annan Centre of Excellence in ICT and the Finatrade Foundation

17.	“E-Learning: Promoting Distance Education at the Secondary Level”. 2005. UNESCO. http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.phpURL_ID=28751&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html. The Pilot Project to develop effective ICT-supported distance education delivery models and methodologies for secondary schools in Namibia is a collaborative venture between UNESCO and the Namibian College for Open Learning.

18.	“Computers for Schools Kenya”. 2006. http://www.cfsk.org. Computers for Schools Kenya has placed over 7,000 computers in more than 300 schools throughout the country.

19.	“CurriculumNet Pilot Project: Integration of Educational Technology into the Curriculum for Primary and Secondary Schools in Uganda”. 2004. IDRC. www.idrc.ca/en/ev-8040-201-1-DO_TOPIC.html. A project in Uganda which specialises in the development of digitised curriculum-aligned content.

20.	“Engendering ICT Toolkit”. 2002. World Bank. http://siteresources.worldbank.org/EXTICTTOOLKIT/Images/Engendering_ICT_Toolkit.gif. A description of the toolkit and a case study of its application in Ugandan schools.

21.	“Imfundo Programme in Ghana”. 2002. Department for International Development (DfID). http://www.dfid.gov.uk/research/imfundo-ghana.asp. An Imfundo project to assist Ghana’s Special Education Division with advice on best practice for ICT for special education needs in Africa.

22.	“ Imfundo Research Programme”. 2002-2004. DfID. http://www.dfid.gov.uk/research/imfundo.asp. Imfundo was an initiative of DfID which considered ways in which ICT could be used to support education in Kenya, South Africa, Ghana and Ethiopia. 23.	 “Global Teenager Project (GTP)”. 2005. iConnect Online. http://www.iconnect-online.org/Articles/iconnectarticles.2005-05. An assessment report of the implementation of this project in three schools in Zambia.

24.	“Timebound Program on Eliminating Child Labor in Tanzania”. 2002-2006. International Education Systems (IES). http://ies.edc.org/ourwork/project.php?id=3224&topic=13. A report of an interactive radio instruction series called Mambo Elimu that reached approximately 10,000 children in Tanzania who had no access to formal education. A similar project has been conducted in Somalia.

25.	“Intel Gives Nigerian Students Access to e-Classroom in Nigeria”. 2006. http://allafrica.com/stories/200610050173.html. An article which provides details of a new Intel project in Nigeria.

26.	“State of the Art telecentre in Tunisia “. 2006. telecentre.org. www.telecentre.org/en-tc/node/15674. The Centre National Informartique Pour l’Enfance and the Centre National Informartique Pour l’Handicappe in Tunisia has branches in the 24 Governorates of Tunis that allows children access to ICT training in multimedia and the Internet.

27.	“Knowledge Aid for Sierra Leone”. 2004. http://www.knowledgeaid.org/action.htm. Teachers, with the help of Knowledge Aid, are downloading teaching materials (“learning objects”) and will gradually build an electronic “virtual library” of teaching resources – a progress report to 2004.

28.	“National Initiatives Concerning the ICT and Education/Training – Ghana”. 2000. InFocus Programme on Skills, Knowledge and Employability, International Labour Office. http://www.logos-net.net/ilo/150_base/en/topic_n/t8_gha.htm. An overview of initiatives in Ghana as of 2000.

29.	“Catch ITYoung”. 2005. Ghana: OneVillage Foundation .www.onevillagefoundation.org/ovf/projects/ovf_ghana/catch_it_young.html. CatchITYoung (CITY) is a platform designed to work with educators all over Ghana to develop Information Technology Clubs in primary and secondary schools.

30.	Leach, Jenny, Atef Ahmed,  Shumi Makalima and Tom Power. 2005. DfID. “DEEP IMPACT: an investigation of the use of information and communication technologies for teacher education in the global south”. http://www.open.ac.uk/deep/Public/web/publications/core.html. A report of a survey conducted in 12 primary schools in Egypt and South Africa involving learners and teachers and their use of a range of technologies. Provides some insights into issues related to ICT integration into teaching and learning at the primary school level in both countries.

31.	James, Tina, Olof Hesselmark and G. Sibiya. 2002. “Final Evaluation of the Computer Education Trust Swaziland”. DfID. http://imfundo.digitalbrain.com/imfundo/web/plan/cet/. An evaluation report produced by DFID on the Schoolnet organization in Swaziland. Useful for the constraints experienced … as well as what works.

32.	Aduwa-Ogiegbaen, S. E. and Iyamu, E. O. S.  2005. “Using Information and Communication Technology in Secondary Schools in Nigeria: Problems and Prospects”. Educational Technology & Society. 8 (1): 104-112. http://www.ifets.info/journals/8_1/13.pdf. This paper examines the major obstacles militating against the use of ICT in secondary education in Nigeria. 33.	“Education”. 2005. iConnect  OnLine. http://www.iconnect-online.org/theme/education. Four iConnect Africa correspondents examine ICT and education issues with case studies from Burkina Faso, Ghana, Mali, Tanzania, Uganda and Zambia.

34.	“Libyan pupils to have laptops”. 2006. BBC News: International version. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/6040536.stm. The government of Libya is reported to have agreed to provide its 1.2million school children with a cheap durable laptop computer by June 2008.

35.	“Going Forward in Ghana”. 2006. Global e-Schools and Communities Initiative(GeSCI). www.gesci.org/gesci/publisher/index.jsp?aID=229&nID=111&pID=107. GeSCI has signed an MoU with the government of Ghana to expand the deployment of ICTs in schools in Ghana and to promote the effective use of these ICTs to achieve Ghana’s educational and community development objectives.

36.	Commonwealth of Learning and SchoolNet Africa, 2005: “African SchoolNet Toolkit”. Commonwealth of Learning, Vancouver, Canada. www.col.org/colweb//site/pid/3155. The African Schoolnet Toolkit is designed to support education policy-makers and practitioners in their use of information and communications technologies

37.	Microsoft Partners in Learning, 2005: Evaluation of Microsoft Partners in Learning in South Africa. www.school.za/research/index.htm. A report of the successes and challenges of the Microsoft PIL program in South Africa during 2004-2005.

38.	Addo, H, Butcher N and Isaacs S, 2002. “SchoolNets in Africa. A Baseline Scan”. SchoolNet Africa & IDRC. Johannesburg. South Africa. www.schoolnetafrica.org/422.0html. An overview of the projects, programs, donor funding and partners of 16 schoolnet organizations in Africa belonging to the SchoolNet Africa network

39.	 “Mkusanyiko on School Networking. SchoolNet Africa”. 2004. SchoolNet Africa www.schoolnetafrica.org/422.0html. A compendium of schoolnet and related projects in operation throughout Africa during 2003/2004.

40.	Cossa G and Cronje J (2004): “Computers for Africa: Lessons learned from introducing computers into schools in Mozambique” International Journal of Learning Technology, Vol 1, No 1. pp 84-99 www.schoolnetafrica.org/422.0html. An analytical academic journal article which assesses the Mozambican experience with the adoption of ICTs in schools.

41.	Gadio, C.M, 2001 “Exploring the gender impacts of World Links in some selected African countries: a qualitative approach”. World Links, Washington, USA. http://www.mulonga.net/discus/messages/26/387.html?1019926542 A summary of the findings of an independent study conducted in four African countries.

42.	Fouldes, S, 2002, Internet-based Teacher Development – Virtual Communities of Practice, School of Education, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. www.school.za/edn/research.htm. This report is based on an analysis of the Educator Development Network model of teacher development by SchoolNet South Africa

43.	Isaacs S, 2005b: “Against All Odds”. Critical Reflections on SchoolNet Africa. in ICTs For Education, United Nations ICT Task Force, New York, USA. A detailed reflective article on the challenges and opportunities faced by SchoolNet Africa since its inception in 2001.

44.	Isaacs S (2005c). “School Networking in Africa”, in Naidoo V and Ramzy H (2005): Emerging Trends in the Development of School Networking Initiatives. Commonwealth of Learning. Vancouver, Canada. www.col.org/colweb/site/pid/3330 An overview of the key challenges and issues facing African schoolnet organizations with references to case studies and examples of good practice.

45.	 Isaacs S, 2005d: “Empowering Women in the Information Society: Towards a More Concerted Global and Local Effort.” in Milward-Olivier, G (ed) Maitland +20 Fixing the Missing Link, The Anima Centre, United Kingdom.

46.	 Isaacs S and Naidoo V (2003): “A Schoolnet Value Chain for Africa – An integrated model enhancing education through the use of ICTs”. The Commonwealth of Learning, Vancouver.

47.	Isaacs, S. (2002). “ICTs in African Schools: A Multi-Media Approach for Enhancing Learning and Teaching”. TechKnowLogia,, Jan-March, 32-34.

48.	James T (ed) (2004): “The Role of ICTs. In Networking Institutions of Learning – SchoolNet”, Information and Communication Technologies for Development in Africa, Volume 3. IDRC and CODESRIA, Senegal Information and Communication. www.idrc.ca/es/ev-33006-201-1DO_TOPIC.html. An evaluation of school networking projects supported by IDRC in a number of African countries.

49.	SchoolNet South Africa. (2002). “Audit of Major Educational ICT Projects in South Africa: World Economic Forum Global Digital Divide Initiative”. This audit provides an overview of 34 different projects involved with ICTs in education in South Africa

50.	SchoolNet South Africa 2003, 2004 and 2005. “Intel Teach to the Future Evaluation”. www.school.org.za/research/index.html. Successive evaluation reports of the first three years Intel Teach to the Future program in South Africa.

51.	Lesoba Consult (2001): “Affordable Bandwidth for African Schools”. SchoolNet Africa, www.schoolnetafrica.net. This study provides an overview e-rate models in the USA, Egypt and Senegal and makes the case for SchoolNet Africa to pursue an e-rate model as part of strategies for promoting affordable access to bandwidth in schools.

52.	World Links, 2006: “Global Report 2006”. www.world-links.org/images/stories/Documents/global%20report.pdf., World Bank, Washington, USA. This report assesses the work of the World Links Program during the 8 year period leading up to 2006. It highlights a few case studies in Africa.

53.	South African Institute for Distance Education, 2005, “Online Access and Connectivity of Primary School Teachers in Sub-Saharan Africa”, SAIDE, Johannesburg, South Africa. www.saide.org.za/ This is a report on desktop research on access to online resources by teachers in Africa focusing on Nigeria, Kenya, South Africa and Tanzania.