California History Center/Day of Remembrance

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Each year the California History Center hosts a "Day of Remembrance" on or near the date February 19th, the date the Executive Order was signed that led to the mass incarceration of Japanese Americans. This page provides background on the internment and a list of sites organized in various categories - sites that have background history about the internment, sites that feature photos about the internment, sites that have films available about the internment, and sites that list information about local and national organizations that either have information about the internment or that deal with related Constitutional issues.

= History=

It happened in America… February 19, 1942 “President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed Executive Order 9066 authorizing the mass incarceration of over 110,000 Japanese Americans during World War II. ”http://www.asianamericanmedia.org/jainternment/ --CV

December 5, 2008 - President Bush designates the former Japanese American internment camp site (Tulelake, CA) as part of the new World War II Valor in the Pacific National Monument http://www.conservationfund.org/node/877 --DMV

On February 19, 1942 in the beginning of World War II it has been signed an Executive order 9066 by Franklin Roosevelt. It’s a good article to read and it has a good information about this event. http://www.infoplease.com/spot/internment1.html http://www.pbs.org/childofcamp/history/index.html   --NI

"The Triumph and Tragedies of Japanese Women in America: A View Across Four Generations" http://www.historycooperative.org/journals/ht/41.1/sakamoto.html --CV

Japanese American Internment, since the Pearl Harbor attack http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Japanese_American_internment --CV

A quick and comprehensive preview of the Japanese-American Internment's history in World War II with indexes and links to additional detail information. http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/learning_history/japanese_internment/internment_menu.cfm --BH

"Chronology of Japanese American Internment": http://www.momomedia.com/CLPEF/chrono.html --CV

= Internment =

Internment of Japanese American in Concentration Camps http://academic.udayton.edu/race/02rights/intern01.htm --CV

Here’s a website giving some useful information about Japanese-American Internment. http://www.indiana.edu/~ssdc/interndig.htm It’s an introduction about Japanese-American Internment. -The article explains about context for Japanese-American Internment and Civil rights. -Introduce the Japanese immigration experience in the early twentieth century. -Introduce perspectives on Japanese Americans from the media following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. -Introduce perspectives on the question of "loyalty. - Introduce redress and reparations. -Present diverse perspectives on the Japanese-American internment experience…

And many important things about the Japanese-American Internment. --NI

This is a site that carries facts about how life was like in Japanese-American Internment Camp by interpreting writings from letters, diaries and memoirs of people who were in the event http://smithsonianeducation.org/educators/lesson_plans/japanese_internment/index.html --BH

= Camps = The following is a list of all the locations that were used as Internment camps. There were a total of 10 camps spread across the United States. Each camp is listed with the date it opened, date it closed, and listed in order of peak population.

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http://www.sfmuseum.org/war/evactxt.html

http://www.archives.gov/research/alic/reference/military/japanese-internment.html

http://www.freeinfosociety.com/article.php?id=10

http://www.lib.utah.edu/portal/site/marriottlibrary/menuitem.350f2794f84fb3b29cf87354d1e916b9/?vgnextoid=2f2b1c769fcfb110VgnVCM1000001c9e619bRCRD

http://www.bookmice.net/darkchilde/japan/camp.html

--NI

http://www.sfmuseum.org/war/evactxt.html This link is about Internment of San Francisco Japanese. The San Francisco News, for the first six months of 1942, carried almost daily reports of FBI and police sweeps, and the various proclamations, plans - and restrictions to civil liberties - issued by Lieutenant-General John L. DeWitt at the Presidio of San Francisco. A road was named for him, by the Army, near the former Letterman Army General Hospital, to honor his contributions during World War II.

http://www.archives.gov/research/alic/reference/military/japanese-internment.html This link is about Japanese Relocation and Internment during World War II.

http://www.freeinfosociety.com/article.php?id=10 This link is about Japanese American Internment in World War II. The link is contains some pictures about the camping of Japanese American Internment in World War II.

http://www.lib.utah.edu/portal/site/marriottlibrary/menuitem.350f2794f84fb3b29cf87354d1e916b9/?vgnextoid=2f2b1c769fcfb110VgnVCM1000001c9e619bRCRD The War Relocation Authority was created to administer the assembly centers, relocation centers, and internment camps, and relocation of Japanese-Americans began in April 1942. Internment camps were scattered all over the interior West, in isolated desert areas of Arizona, California, Utah, Idaho, Colorado, and Wyoming, where Japanese-Americans were forced to carry on their lives under harsh conditions. Executive Order 9066 was rescinded by President Roosevelt in 1944, and the last of the camps was closed in March, 1946.

Japanese-American Internment Camps http://www.bookmice.net/darkchilde/japan/camp.html This link also is concluded Japanese-American Internment Camps issues with some pictures. --NI

The author is not identified, but the site provides an extensive collection links, images and media on the subject. ..vt

Japanese-American Internment Camps locations on map with corresponding data http://www.historyonthenet.com/WW2/japan_internment_camps.htm --BH

= Images and films=

Tulelake Photos http://www.lib.utah.edu/portal/site/marriottlibrary/menuitem.350f2794f84fb3b29cf87354d1e916b9/?vgnextoid=885a31af8dade110VgnVCM1000001c9e619bRCRD&vgnextchannel=3774f882f22de110VgnVCM1000001c9e619bRCRD --CV

http://www.worldwar2database.com/cgi-bin/slideviewer.cgi?list=intern.slides&dir=&config=&refresh=&cycle=off&scale=0&design=default&total=26 --CV

“Hear first-hand accounts from the air and ground, re-telling every memory from the day the world first witnessed the horrors of atomic warfare. Hiroshima residents talk through their first memories after the bomb had fallen.” http://www.babelgum.com/html/clip.php?clipId=129388&gclid=CIH5qP2evp0CFRESawodmkR8ig --CV

List of documentary films about the Japanese Internment of WWII

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_documentary_films_about_the_Japanese_American_internment --DMV

"Photographs and drawings used in the Camp Harmony exhibit come from two locations: Special Collections Division of the UW Libraries and the Museum of History and Industry." http://www.lib.washington.edu/exhibits/harmony/Photo/ --CV

Tulelake WW II photos--http://www.tule-lake.com/tulelake/internment/index.shtml --CV

The images in this group offer a picture of what one Japanese American Internment camp looked like. Paintings, created by internees, depict what it felt like to be interned there. The camp photographs were taken at Manzanar War Relocation Center, an internment camp in Eastern California's Owens Valley, now a national historic site open to visitors. http://www.calisphere.universityofcalifornia.edu/themed_collections/subtopic5e.html --DMV

Here are two links that is contained some pictures of World War II and the Internment of Japanese Americans: http://home.comcast.net/~chtongyu/internment/gallery.html http://www.calisphere.universityofcalifornia.edu/themed_collections/subtopic5e.html   --NI

Here are three links for videos are related to World War II and the Internment of Japanese Americans: These are showing the new perspective of this event. I think these are interesting and having good intellectual messages:

http://www.flickr.com/photos/32912172@N00/2892012170/

http://sunsite.berkeley.edu/videodir/asx2/2573.asx

http://www.mediaburn.org/Video-Preview.128.0.html?uid=5617    --NI

“Calisphere is the University of California's free public gateway to a world of primary sources. More than 150,000 digitized items — including photographs, documents, newspaper pages, political cartoons, works of art, diaries, transcribed oral histories, advertising, and other unique cultural artifacts — reveal the diverse history and culture of California and its role in national and world history.” http://www.calisphere.universityofcalifornia.edu/themed_collections/subtopic5e.html --CV

Japanese American Relocation Digital Archives (JARDA): Pictures and brief descriptions of people, places, daily life, and their experiences in internment camps http://www.calisphere.universityofcalifornia.edu/jarda/ --CV

Images with brief description: http://home.comcast.net/~chtongyu/internment/gallery.html --CV

Several images of the Pearl Harbor Attack and the Japanese American internment http://americanhistory.si.edu/perfectunion/non-flash/removal_crisis.html Some more: http://asms.k12.ar.us/armem/tsang/INDEX10.HTM and an audio about the event http://americanhistory.si.edu/perfectunion/experience/index.html --BH

= Personal stories=

A video clip of former Japanese American internment camp resident speaks her experience. http://videos.stltoday.com/p/video?id=6576422 --CV

This is an amazing link about Bess K. Chin who was born in Alameda, California. In 1942 at the age of eighteen, Bess was interned with her mother and younger sister in the Japanese internment camp in Heart Mountain, Wyoming. Bess K. Chin explains many experiences about World War II and share lots of information. The link is “Read Watch Listen” article and contains video file to watch as well. http://www.tellingstories.org/internment/bchin/index.html     --NI

Eleven Japanese Americans share their experience about the Internment during interviews

Bess K. Chin

Hiroshi Kashiwagi

Janet Daijogo

Masaru Kawaguchi

Fumi Hayashi

Rose Nieda

Chizu Iiyama

Ernie Iiyama

Marvin Uratsu

Sato Hashizume

Paul Ohtaki

http://www.tellingstories.org/ --BH

= Organizations=

Here are some famous government bodies established to educate the public about the internment: Civil Liberties Public Education Fund, a federal commission (no longer operating, but has a site up) - the state has its own version too under the state library (California CLPEP) which I believe is still operating: http://www.momomedia.com/CLPEF/ http://www.library.ca.gov/grants/cclpep/

Bainbridge Island Japanese American Community (BIJAC)http://www.bijac.org/index.php?p=OVERVIEW --CV

Japanese American National Museum http://www.janm.org/ --DMV

http://www.indiana.edu/~ssdc/interndig.htm

This link contains lots of information about organization and museum which are related and about “Japanese-American Internment”    --NI

A successful organization that educates people about the Japanese American Internment http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Densho_The_Japanese_American_Project --BH

= American Government=

Japanese American Court Cases: http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Redress_for_Japanese_Americans/_Court_cases --CV

Racism, Law and Japanese American Internment: http://w3.uchastings.edu/wingate/PDF/Asian-Pacific/internlaw.pdf --CV

Conscience and the Constitution: http://www.resisters.com/study/Ben_Wakaye.htm --CV

Some cases concerning the Japanese-American Internment


 * Hirabayashi v. United States (1943) http://academic.udayton.edu/race/02rights/intern01.htm#Hirabayashi
 * Yasui v. United States (1943). http://academic.udayton.edu/race/02rights/intern01.htm#Yasui
 * Endo, Ex Parte (1944). http://academic.udayton.edu/race/02rights/intern01.htm#Endo,%20Ex%20Parte
 * Korematsu v. United States (1944). http://academic.udayton.edu/race/02rights/intern01.htm#Korematsu


 * Korematsu v. United States (1984). http://academic.udayton.edu/race/02rights/intern01.htm#Korematsu2   --BH

= Learn more...=
 * /Japanese American experience/ - hand-out from the Day of Remembrance Feb. 2008

On line Archive of California - has lots of photos of the JA internment and I think it is housed at UCB - check it out, find out how to get to the Japanese American photos and put it on the list... http://www.oac.cdlib.org/