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1. Fresh water forms larger drops. Soap reduces the surface tension of water allowing it to form smaller drops that more easily penetrates small pores in fabrics. 2.Pour water into a graduated container untill it is deep enough to submerge the object. Place the object in the water and measure the change in volume. 3. This is a form of indirect measurement because we measure the water displace not the volume of the object itself. 4. Each type of gem has a unique density or mass to volume ratio. Using the balance,you could determine the mass,and using the cylinder you could determine the volume. If the density of the gem did not correspond to accepted values,you could assume it was counterfeit.