Mathematics 1

=11.1.0		MATHEMATICS I=

11.1.01		INTRODUCTION TO THE MODULE
This module unit is designed to equip the trainee with the relevant mathematical knowledge, skills, techniques and attitudes necessary to enhance better understanding of the respective trade area.

11.1.02		GENERAL OBJECTIVES
At the end of the module unit, the trainee should be able to:
 * 1) Use mathematical concepts and techniques in solving problems related to respective trade area
 * 2) Organise, draw simple deductions and conclusions from a given data
 * 3) Interpret graphical representation of functions relevant to the respective trade area

=11.1.03 MODULE UNIT SUMMARY AND TIME ALLOCATION=

=NUMBER SYSTEM=

Specific Objectives
By the end of the sub-module unit, the trainee should be able to:
 * 1) identify types of numbers
 * 2) carry out arithmetic operations on numbers
 * 3) state the place value of digit in a number
 * 4) round off numbers
 * 5) state accuracy to given significant figures
 * 6) express numbers as product of prime factors
 * 7) find the GCD and LCM of a set of numbers
 * 8) perform operations on fractions and decimals

Content

 * Types of numbers: natural, integers, rational, irrational, decimals, fractions on numbers.
 * Arithmetic operations on numbers
 * Arithmetic operations on numbers
 * Place value of digits
 * Rounding off
 * Prime factors
 * GCD and LCM Fractional and decimals

Competence
Ability to:
 * 1) performs arithmetic operations and numbers accurately

Suggested Learning/Teaching Resources

 * Charts
 * Number line
 * Factor tree diagrams
 * Bells
 * Alarm
 * Flickering lights

Suggested Learning Teaching Activities

 * Demonstration
 * Question and answer
 * Group work
 * Discussion
 * Working out problems

Suggested Assessment Methods

 * Oral tests
 * Written
 * Number games
 * Quizzes

=INDICES AND LOGARITHMS=

Specific Objectives
By the end of the sub-module unit, the trainee should be able to:
 * 1) define an index of a number
 * 2) state the laws of indices
 * 3) perform indicial operations
 * 4) write numbers in standard form
 * 5) state laws of logarithms
 * 6) perform logarithmic operations
 * 7) Evaluate natural logarithms
 * 8) convert numbers from one
 * 9) solve logarithmic equations base to another
 * 10) use calculator/tables

Content

 * Definition of an index of a number
 * Laws of indices
 * Indicial operations
 * Numbers in standard form
 * Laws of logarithms
 * Logarithmic operations
 * Natural logarithms
 * Logarithmic equations
 * Calculator/tables

Competence
Ability to:
 * 1) use logarithms to solve mathematical problems

Suggested Learning Resources

 * Charts
 * Number line
 * Factor tree diagrams
 * Bells
 * Alarm
 * Flickering lights

=ALGEBRA=

Specific Objectives
By the end of the sub-module unit, the trainee should be able to:
 * 1) write statements in algebraic form.
 * 2) simplify algebraic expressions
 * 3) factorise algebraic expressions
 * 4) change the subject of a formula
 * 5) divide polynomials
 * 6) solve equations
 * 7) obtain partial fractions from composite fractions
 * 8) solve simultaneous equation
 * 9) evaluate polynomials
 * 10) apply the remainder factor

Content
-	linear -	quadratic -	cubic -	linear in 2 unknown -	linear in 3 unknown -	linear and quadratic
 * Statement in algebraic form
 * Simplification of algebraic expressions
 * Factorisation of algebraic expression
 * Transposition of formulae
 * Division of polynomials
 * Solution of equations
 * Partial fractions
 * Simultaneous equations
 * Evaluation of polynomials
 * Remainder and factor theorems

Competence
Ability to:
 * 1) perform algebraic operations accurately

Suggested Learning/Teaching Resources

 * Charts
 * Number line
 * Factor tree diagrams
 * Bells
 * Alarm
 * Flickering lights

Suggested Learning Teaching Activities

 * Demonstration
 * Question and answer
 * Group work
 * Discussion
 * Working out problems

Suggested Assessment Methods

 * Oral tests
 * Written
 * Number games
 * Quizzes

=GEOMETRY AND SCALE DRAWING =

Specific Objectives
By the end of the sub-module unit, the trainee should be able to:
 * 1) conversion of scales
 * 2) draw plane figures to a given scale
 * 3) state the properties of different types of triangles
 * 4) solve problems involving angle properties of a circle
 * 5) draw regular solids

Content

 * Scale
 * Scale drawing
 * Types of triangles
 * Angle properties of a circle
 * Simple solids: cube, cuboids, cylinder, cones, pyramids

Suggested Learning/Teaching Resources

 * Charts
 * Number line
 * Factor tree diagrams
 * Bells
 * Alarm
 * Flickering lights

Suggested Learning Teaching Activities

 * Demonstration
 * Question and answer
 * Group work
 * Discussion
 * Working out problems

Suggested Assessment Methods

 * Oral tests
 * Written
 * Number games
 * Quizzes

=SEQUENCE AND SERIES =

Specific Objectives
By the end of the sub-module unit, the trainee should be able to:
 * 1) distinguish between a sequence and a series
 * 2) solve problems related to series
 * 3) use series to calculate simple and compound interest
 * 4) determine series convergence

Content
-	arithmetic progression -	geometric progression
 * A sequence and a series
 * Series
 * Simple and compound interest
 * Convergent series

=GRAPHS=

Specific Objectives
By the end of the sub-module, the trainee should be able to:
 * 1) identify linear functions
 * 2) plot graphs of linear
 * 3) identify quadratic functions
 * 4) plot graphs of quadratic functions
 * 5) identify exponential functions
 * 6) plot graphs of exponential functions
 * 7) solve quadratic equation by graph
 * 8) solve simultaneous equations – two linear with two unknowns
 * 9) solve simultaneous equations – one linear one quadratic
 * 10) determine linear laws
 * 11) linearize non-linear laws
 * 12) determine non-linear laws

Content
-	y=abx -	y=axb -	y=aex
 * Linear functions
 * Straight line graph
 * Quadratic functions
 * Graphs of quadratic functions
 * Exponential functions of the forms:
 * Graphs of exponential functions
 * Graphical solution of simultaneous quadratic equations
 * Graphical solution of equations – two linear with two unknowns
 * Solve simultaneous equations – one linear one quadratic
 * Determine linear laws
 * Linearization
 * Determination of non-linear laws

Competences
Ability to:
 * 1) Plot graphs of functions
 * 2) Solve equations by suing graphs
 * 3) Determine laws

Suggested Learning/Teaching Resources

 * Charts
 * Number line
 * Factor tree diagrams
 * Bells
 * Alarm
 * Flickering lights

Suggested Learning Teaching Activities

 * Demonstration
 * Question and answer
 * Group work
 * Discussion
 * Working out problems

Suggested Assessment Methods

 * Oral tests
 * Written
 * Number games
 * Quizzes

=TRIGONOMETRY=

Specific Objectives
By the end of the sub-module, the trainee should be able to:
 * 1) convert angles from one measurement to another
 * 2) define the trigonometric ratios and their reciprocals
 * 3) draw graphs of trigonometric functions
 * 4) solve problems related to trigonometric ratios
 * 5) calculate angles of elevation and depression
 * 6) derive the sine and cosine rule
 * 7) solve problems using the cosine and sine rule
 * 8) drive compound angle formula
 * 9) use the compound angle formula in solving problems
 * 10) deduce the double angle formula
 * 11) solve problems using the double angle formula
 * 12) derive the trigonometric identities

Content
- radian measure - minutes and seconds -	t-formulae -	factor formulae -	half-angle formulae -	tangent rule
 * Conversion of angles
 * Trigonometric ratios and their reciprocals
 * Graphs of trigonometric functions
 * Equations involving trigonometric ratios
 * Angles of elevation and depression
 * Sine and Cosine rule
 * Use of sine and cosine rules
 * The compound angle formula
 * Using the compound angle formula
 * Double angle formula Using the double angle formula
 * Trigonometric identities

Suggested Learning/Teaching Resources

 * Charts
 * Number line
 * Factor tree diagrams
 * Bells
 * Alarm
 * Flickering lights

Suggested Learning Teaching Activities

 * Demonstration
 * Question and answer
 * Group work
 * Discussion
 * Working out problems

Suggested Assessment Methods

 * Oral tests
 * Written
 * Number games
 * Quizzes

=LATITUDES AND LONGITUDES =

Specific Objectives
By the end of the sub-module, the trainee should be able to:
 * 1) differentiate between latitudes and longitudes
 * 2) identify the Equator and the Greenwich Meridian
 * 3) determine the distance between two points along the small and great circles
 * 4) calculate time between longitudes
 * 5) calculate speed

Content

 * Latitudes and longitudes
 * The equator and the Greenwich Meridian
 * Distance between two points along small and great circles
 * Time between longitudes
 * Speed

Suggested Leaning Activities

 * Discussion
 * Question and answer
 * Demonstration

Suggested Learning Resources

 * Sphere

=COORDINATE GEOMETRY AND LOCI=

Specific Objectives
By the end of the sub-module, the trainee should be able to:
 * 1) define polar equations
 * 2) convert polar equations to Cartesian equations and vice versa
 * 3) plot graphs of polar equations
 * 4) define the locus of a point
 * 5) determine the locus of points in relation to other points to other points, lines, planes, eclipses, parabola and hyper bola

Content

 * Definition of polar equations
 * Conversion of polar equations to Cartesian equations and vice versa
 * Graphs of polar equation
 * Definition of a locus of a point
 * Locus of points

Suggested Learning/Teaching Resources

 * Charts
 * Number line
 * Factor tree diagrams
 * Bells
 * Alarm
 * Flickering lights

Suggested Learning Teaching Activities

 * Demonstration
 * Question and answer
 * Group work
 * Discussion
 * Working out problems

Suggested Learning Resources

 * Charts
 * Graphs
 * Plotting paper
 * Geometrical instruments ns

=MENSURATION==

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
By the end of the sub-module, the trainee should be able to:
 * 1) state different units of measurements
 * 2) calculate perimeters and areas of regular figures
 * 3) determine volumes of regular solids
 * 4) calculate surface areas of regular solids
 * 5) calculate areas of irregular figures
 * 6) determine area and volume of solids using Pappus theorem

Content
-	Trapezoidal rule -	Simpson’s  rule
 * Units of measurement
 * Perimeter and area of regular figures
 * Volume of regular solids
 * Surface area of regular solids
 * Area of irregular figures
 * Pappus theorem

Competence
Ability to:
 * 1) Solve op problems in combinations and binomial exercises

Suggested Learning/Teaching Resources

 * Charts
 * Number line
 * Factor tree diagrams
 * Bells
 * Alarm
 * Flickering lights

Suggested Learning Teaching Activities

 * Measuring
 * Drawing and sketching figures
 * Measuring lengths of models

Suggested Assessment Methods

 * Written tests
 * Assignments

Suggested Learning Resources

 * Charts of solids

=PERMUTATIONS, COMBINATIONS AND BINOMIAL EXPANSION =

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
By the end of the sub-module, the trainee should be able to:
 * 1) define permutation and combinations
 * 2) simplify problem using factorial notation
 * 3) determine binomial coefficients
 * 4) deduce the binomial theorem
 * 5) obtain binomial series using binomial expansion
 * 6) approximate roots and errors using binomial theorem

Content
-	coefficients using -	Pascal’s triangle -	binomial theorem
 * Definitions of permutation and combination
 * Factorial notation
 * Binomial expansion
 * Deduction of binomial theorem from Pascal’s triangle
 * Power series using binomial theorem
 * Approximations, roots and errors using binomial theorem

Suggested Learning Resources

 * Charts
 * Audio/visual materials

=VECTORS=

Specific Objectives
By the end of the sub-module, the trainee should be able to:
 * 1) define a vector
 * 2) represent a vector by a directed straight line
 * 3) add vectors
 * 4) subtract vectors
 * 5) write a vector in terms of components
 * 6) multiply a vector with a scalar
 * 7) write a vector in terms of component unit vectors
 * 8) set up the coordinate system for representing vectors
 * 9) obtain the direction cosines of a vector
 * 10) calculate the scalar product

Content

 * Definition of scalar and vector quantity
 * Vector representation
 * Addition of vectors
 * Subtraction of vectors
 * Components of a vector
 * Scalar multiplication
 * Components of a vector in terms of unit vectors
 * Vectors in space
 * Direction cosines
 * Scalar/dot product of two vectors

=PROBABILITY I=

Specific Objectives
By the end of the sub-module, the trainee should be able to:
 * define the term probability
 * state and apply the laws of probability
 * distinguish between mutually exclusive, dependent and independent events
 * compute conditional probabilities
 * use tree diagram to solve probability problems
 * draw probability space of a given case
 * pick a sample point from probability space
 * draw a Venn diagram for a given situation

Content

 * Definition of probability
 * Laws of probability
 * Mutually exclusive, dependent and independent events
 * Conditional probabilities
 * Probability tree diagrams
 * Probability space
 * Sample point
 * Venn diagram

Suggested Learning Resources

 * Charts
 * Audio/visual materials
 * Balls
 * Beads
 * Cards
 * Coins

=STATISTICS I=

Specific Objectives
By the end of the sub-module, the trainee should be able to:
 * 1) distinguish between discrete and continuous data
 * 2) construct frequency distribution tables
 * 3) construct cumulative frequency table
 * 4) determine class boundaries, class intervals, central values
 * 5) represent data graphically
 * 6) determine measures of central tendency
 * 7) determine measures of dispersion

Content

 * Types of data
 * Frequency table grouped/ungrouped data
 * Cumulative frequency table
 * Class boundaries, class intervals, central values
 * Histogram, frequency polygons, bar groups, pie charts, pictograms
 * Mean, mode, median
 * Range, variance and standard deviation