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The discipline in a L2 classroom using techonology.

Nowadays, for most teachers to control the discipline in the L2 classroom is a big problem. However, increasing students’ motivation is a good strategy to maintain the discipline in the classroom and one factor to motivate is the use of wikis in the L2 classroom. Some of the most common problems presented in a L2 classroom are: students taking out of time, students doing other thing when the teacher is speaking like using their cell phones, eating, and doing other works during the class. There are many aspects that involve the students’ behavior and behind their actions there are reasons that cause they act in that way. This condition causes problems in the learning process. All students’ behaviors have a cause, the job of teachers is to identify the problem and look for a solution. The motivation is one of the main aspects that help students to control the student’s bad behavior. To motivate them teachers uses different strategies to improve the discipline.

Technology is a good tool to improve the discipline in the English classes. The use of internet is a good option for teachers to increase student’s interest in the class and avoid the students’ misbehavior. The wiki is a collaborative tool that helps students to edit information and correct their classmates´ work. This tool provides students an interesting way of practicing the language in a written way. In this way students are busy and teacher can measure the students’ process through the time. If teachers increase students behavior students improve their learning process.

Motivation helps teachers and students in the teaching and learning process.

Motivation helps teachers and students in the teaching and learning process. According to Aderman, 1999; Maslow, 1954; Murray, Poole, & Jones (2006), “Motivation is defined as a drive to fulfill a need. Motivation gives the conditions responsible for the way in which a person acts”. Without motivation, people could not have interest to do anything in their existence. It is always in any time of life. Simple acts such as eating are motivated by hunger. Education is motivated by the desire for knowledge. According to Ali, R.,Akhter, A., Najma, S., Ramzan, M.(2011), Motivation has positive impact within the learning process, students well motivated don´t need to much help of their teachers; they are capable of doing many higher degree of complicated work independently. Ali, R.,Akhter, A., Najma, S., Ramzan, M.(2011) states that motivated students are usually those who participate actively in class. Learners who have the desire of learning, who love to express their opinion in class and who are active students are more likely to achieve in learning and not only in learning in the school, also learning in other areas of their lives. On the other hand, teachers are the main factor that provokes motivation in students, which facilitates students´ learning process. To provoke this condition, teachers should be well prepared; they have to use different strategies to help them to get student´ interest. Students well motivated help teachers to develop in a better way their performance in their classroom and they take advantage of this to have success in their classes.

Motivation helps students to have success when learning a second language. Regarding motivation in a second language according to Gardner (1985), as cited in Liuolienė, A., Metiūnienė R. is seen as “referring to the extent to which the individual works or strives to learn the language because of a desire to do so and the satisfaction experienced in this activity”(p.94). Motivation involves a factor around each student when learning a second language. Every student has to feel any kind of motivation for learning a second language. Motivation is classified in two levels, goal or oriented motivation and core motivation. According to Gardner (1993), “The motivation at the goal level includes the learner’s core motivation, the learner’s orientation to language learning, and the learner’s attitudes towards the learning situation” as cited in Liuolienė, A., Metiūnienė R. (pag 93). Garner describes core second language learning motivation as a concept built of three features: the attitudes towards learning a language (affect), the desire to learn the language (want) and motivational intensity (effort). The author says that a motivated student will want to learn the language, the student is going to enjoy learning the language, and is going to try to do the best to learn. Garner (1985), The Gardnerian theory of L2 learning motivation is based on the definition as the degree in which a person works to learn a language because of the desire to do it and to feel satisfaction (Liuolienė, A., Metiūnienė R. pag 94), this definition makes reference to goal- directed; the students´ immediate goal to learn. Garner stated that to know why students were motivated, it is important to understand the students´ purpose for learning a language ( students’ orientation). The author defined two different orientations for learning a language: integrative and instrumental.

The integrative and instrumental motivations are the main factors to learn a second language. A student instrumentally motivated wants to learn the L2 in order to fulfill a particular objective (e.g. gaining a certain kind of qualification, Improvement, employment prospects, getting a higher degree, etc). Other authors called this intrinsic motivation because it is something that comes from inside of every person. On the other hand, a learner with integrative orientation has a genuine interest in the L2 community. The student wants to learn the L2 to communicate with the people who speak that language in order to relate to them and to understand their culture. In other words, Integrative motivation or what some other authors called extrinsic motivation include other factor which help the learner to take some decisions, such as the decision of studying a second language. Intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation are time and context dependent. They characterize people at a given point in time in relation to a particular activity. The same activity can be intrinsically or extrinsically motivating for different people. Garder (1985),“Positive attitudes and motivation are related to success in second language learning” as cited in Demir, K. (2011). It is common to appreciate in the classroom that students who always get good grades, who are always involved in activities inside the school and having good relationships with other students, are well-motivated students. They have great attitudes because there is something which makes them move and achieve goals.

Maintaining discipline in the classroom improves students learning among children.

The students´ bad behavior in the L2 classroom really affects the educational process. In most primary schools to control the discipline is really difficult for most of the teachers and many of them have tried many strategies without any success. According to Seidman's quotation from Charles (1999), misbehavior is defined as "behavior that is considered inappropriate for setting or situation in which it occurs”. Which means that misbehavior is when the student does other things instead of paying attention when the teacher is speaking, according to Durmuscelebi, M.(2010)”the most common misbehaviors faced for teachers are: Complaint about friends, Talking without permission, Studying without a plan, not listening to the teacher, doing other things during the lesson ,fighting with friends, cheating, eating something during the lesson, coming late to school, not respecting to teacher, taking and using friend's equipments without permission and despising and excluding friends, among others” (page 377). That means that students don´t show much interest for their classes. This situation gives a bad result in their grades and in some cases students finish hating the English classes.

One of the most important strategies to control the discipline in the classroom is to know the causes of students ‘misbehavior. The students’ misbehavior can be caused for many factors and L2 teachers should realize them to can solve the problem. In public schools is common to find students with many problems that affect their performance in the classroom. Koenig, L. (2008) states that some of the most common problems that students present and that cause their bad behavior are: the breakup of their families, in some cases students don´t live in a family environment which provokes that they don´t know to follow rules and respect to the others because the situation in which they live. In other cases, the lack of parental involvement and support in and for the schools, in this case parents don´t pay attention in their children, they don´t have a good communication with them, and they don´t know the student´s situation in the school. As a result, students feel along and they try to draw attention not only of their parents but also all people around them as teachers and classmates. Another cause of students’ misbehavior is the lack of group management of teachers. In some cases the main problem is the way in which the teacher manages the class, the lack or poor motivators they use, and the lack of teacher´s strategies. When English teachers know the causes of misbehavior teachers can use the adequate strategies to increase students’ interest in the English classes and they will improve their students´ learning process.

The students’ bad behavior could be controlled but is better to prevent it. There are many effective strategies for Building a Positive Classroom Environment that helps teachers to prevent Behavior Problems. According to Ray, K. (2011 ), states that the modification of the environment is a good strategy to modify students behavior. to have success with this strategy the teacher has to maintain students busy, the teacher has to behave appropriately towards students, the rules of the class should be reminded, students with bad behavior should not be together, the teacher should pay attention to disruptions and disagreements "brewing" and separate those involved and the teacher must pay attention in the students good behavior rather than negative behavior. Taking about the extinction strategy Ray, K. ( 2011 ), says that “Extinction is a procedure in which the reinforcement that has been maintaining or increasing an inappropriate behavior is withheld entirely. A common practice of the extinction procedure is ignoring behavior that is reinforced by attention. it Is much more effective when utilized with differential reinforcement”. For having success using this strategy teaches should refuse to argue with students, teacher should turn the head to avoid eye contact and also don´t show anger. On the other hand the use of technology in the classroom is one effective strategy that helps teachers to control student’s misbehavior. Using technology like wikis in the classroom to teach a second language is very effective because in this way students increase their interest of using new technology and they improve in many aspects of the language. Teachers should take advantage of these tools because for most young students the fact of being in front of a computer seems attractive for them.

The use of wikis increases student’s interest for learning a second language.

The use of wikis in the classroom has been a good option for teachers to solve some problems presented in classes as the students´ bad behavior. Wikiwiki comes from a hawaiin word that means “quick” or “hurry”, the name comes from the programming characteristics of a wiki software in which people can change its content because it is available for them. According to E., Anja, Glaser, M., Heigl, R., & Warta, A.(2008), “ A wiki is a web- based software that allow all viewers of a page to change the content by editing the page online in a browser. This makes wiki simple and easy-to-use platform for cooperative work on texts and hypertexts.” This kind of technology is not much used in schools because for most teachers it results a little bit complicated to use it and they are not trained for used it; however, it can be very helpful to get teachers and students´ success. When English teachers use wikis in their classes they obtain better results in the learning process and they increase students´ interest in the classes because they seem it as an attractive tool to learn.

Although, wikis are not much used in schools, it has caused a positive impact in the educational field. Willis., J. (2010), Nowadays the times are changing and the curiosity and the students learning styles are changing with it, modern students are looking for new experiences that help them to develop their skills in a different way, the way that the use of new technology demands. For most teachers the fact of using wikis to teach their students have resulted a good option to increase students’ interest in the class and to promote the group works collaboration. According (Beldarrain, 2006 & Trentin, 2009 ), states that “This tool provides opportunities for synchronous and asynchronous learner–instructor and learner–learner interactions that help learners feel involved in the learning process, as cited in H.D. Huang and K. Nakazawa (2009) pag. 235. Also it allows that students interact with their classmates, they can communicate and exchange their ideas and opinions. H.D. Huang and K. Nakazawa (2009), “Anyone can be an author of a wiki and easily start creating contents by posting a very brief idea or even a question” . on the other hand, other students can edit the content to give a better format to the work. And finally, the wiki motivates students´ participation during the learning process.

Wikis have many benefits when teachers use them in the classroom. According to Shu, W., Chuang,Y.(2011) the use of wikis have caused a radical change in students behavior because they try to pay attention in all what they do in order to be revised for their classmates. There are many ways in which a wiki helps students in the classroom when they are learning in a second language. The motivation is the main factor that intervenes when students are learning, with the use of wikis most students feel interested and involved in the teachers activities because they have an active participation in this process. In addition, teachers feel more comfortable because students show their interest and they work in their own peace. Finally, Alier, F., De Pedro, X., Casañ, M., Piguiillem, J., & Galanis N. (2010, students can have a more objective feedback for the teacher and they ca see their own progress. for teachers the use of wikis facilitate to assess the students because they can scaffold their students in a better way.

Conclusion

The discipline in the classroom is the students’ good behavior during the classes. It means that students show interest and work without any problem during the activities. The lack of discipline is presented in almost all schools and classrooms. The cause of this problem is because students are not motivated of learning a second language. The teacher is the main extrinsic motivator that has to look for the adequate strategy to increase it.

There are many strategies that help students to increase their motivation. However, now the technology has taken advantage of time and we are surrounded by new technology and the students demand the use of it. For that reason the use of wikis has been satisfactory and it has been a mean to have success in the classes. It promotes the curiosity of using it and as result the students´ interest in all what teacher gives them. The students behavior change because they participate in an active way, most of the work in the class is done by them.

References

A. Liuolienė, R. Metiūnienė(2006). Second language learning motivation. Filologija, Edukologija, 14(2),93–98 Alphabetize last name first.

Ali, R.,Akhter, A., Najma, S., Ramzan, M.(2011). The impact of motivation on students’ academic achievement in mathematics in problem based learning environment. International journal of academic research, 3(1),306-309

Alier, F., De Pedro, X., Casañ, M., Piguiillem, J., & Galanis N. (2010) Learning assessment using wikis: integrated or LMS independent?. In M., Lytra, P., Ordóñez, A., Ziderman, A., Roulstone, H., Maurer, J., Imber. (eds). Knowledge management, information systems, e-learning, and sustainability research. Springer-Verlag.


Demir, K. (2011) Teachers’ intrinsic and extrinsic motivation as predictors of student engagement. E-Journal of New World Sciences Academy, 6(2),1306-3111

Durmuscelebi, M.(2010 ). Investigating students misbehavior in classroom Management in state and private primary schools with a comparative approach. Education, 130(3),377-383.

E., Anja, Glaser, M., Heigl, R., & Warta, A.(2008). Wiki: web collaboration. Berlin Heidelberg: Springer.

Godwin, R.(2003). Emerging technologies, blogs and wikis: environments for on-line collaboration. Retrieved from http://cursa.ihmc.us/rid=1131480053328_1801720929_4296/godwin.pdf

H.D. Huang and K. Nakazawa (2009). An empirical analysis on how learners interact in wiki in a graduate level. Interactive Learning Environments , 18(3),233-244.

Jones, F. (2008).Discipline management as an integrated system. Retrieved from http://www.fredjones.com/Positive_Discipline/Discipline_Ch18.html

Koenig, L. (2008). Smart discipline for the classroom. United States of America: Corwin press

Ray, K., &.D. PH (2011). Effective behavior techniques and strategies in the classroom retrieved from http://www.parentsunitedtogether.com/page41.htmln

Shu, W., Chuang,Y.(2011). The behavior of wiki users. Social behavior and personality, 39(6), 851-864

Willis., J. (2010). Qualitative research methods in education and educational technology. Berlin Heidelberg: Springer.

Annotated Bibliography

Ali, R.,Akhter, A., Najma, S., Ramzan, M.(2011) The impact of motivation on students’' academic achievement in mathematics in problem based learning environment. International journal of academic research. 3(1)306-309.

In this study is reviewed the concept of motivation and the different kinds of it like intrinsic and extrinsic, and the kind of motivation that is found in problem based learning. The study was experimental in nature and the authors used pre-test and post-test. The main focus of this study was to know the impact of motivation on students´ academic achievement in problem based learning environment in a mathematics class with students from elementary school from Pakistan. The article is useful to my research as the authors suggest that when students used a problem based learning method they show more interest in learning. The article was focused only in a mathematics class and the authors found that to use adequately this method teachers need to be prepared and informed. This article will be useful to my research only like supplementary information to structure my own study.

Alier, F., De Pedro, X., Casañ, M., Piguiillem, J., & Galanis N. (2010) Learning assessment using wikis: integrated or LMS independent?. In M., Lytra, P., Ordóñez, A., Ziderman, A., Roulstone, H., Maurer, J., Imber. (eds). Knowledge management, information systems, e-learning, and sustainability research. Springer-Verlag.

This part of the book focuses in all what a wiki need to be successful in a class, it supports the information showing the conclusion of 5 years working with a wiki in the educational field. The authors mentioned the way in which the teachers can give feedback, assess, and grade students. This book is useful to my research topic because the information found in it help me at the time of carrying out my work. This information is going to support my research and it will be the basis of investigation.

Demir, K. (2011) Teachers’ intrinsic and extrinsic motivation as predictors of student engagement.E-Journal of New World Sciences Academy. 6(2) 1306-3111.

In this study the concepts of motivation and self -determination theory were reviewed, also the author checked some other researchers to base her study. The author adopted the self-determination theory to carry out the study; she worked with a group of 289 teachers from 29 elementary schools in the province of Edirne, Turkey to study teachers’ work motivation that actively affects student behaviors. This article is useful to my research because the extrinsic motivation that the author mentions should be presented in all classes and teachers are the main mean to carry out it. The main limitation of this research is that it was made in other country and the behavior of people is different. In the research was found that teachers need to have intrinsic and extrinsic motivation to modify students´ behavior. This article will be useful to my research as supporting of my study because the motivation is an important part of learning L2.

Durmuscelebi, M.(2010 ). Investigating students misbehavior in classroom Management in state and private primary schools with a comparative approach. Education. 130(3) 377-383. You're missing your paragraph description.

E., Anja, Glaser, M., Heigl, R., & Warta, A.(2008)Wiki: web collaboration. Berlin Heidelberg: Springer.

In this study are reviewed the definitions of classroom management and the concept of misbehavior, giving some examples of it and explaining some cases of it. The author made a quantitative study, the author applied a questionnaire and measured the results by using an arithmetic mean ( SPSS), it was focused on students from state and private primary schools from Berlin . The article is useful to my research as the author suggest that depending on the context students behave . The main focus of the study was to observe the differences in state primary schools and private primary schools according to determined misbehaviors.. The article was focused on students. This article will be useful to my research like the base of my information.

Godwin, R.(2003) Emerging technologies, blogs and wikis: environments for on-line collaboration. Retrieved from http://cursa.ihmc.us/rid=1131480053328_1801720929_4296/godwin.pdf

This article focuses in the different ways of technology used nowadays. Also the author mentions the different generations of technology as part information support. This information is directed to public in general; however, the information is more useful for teachers who wants to improve students’ group collaboration or teachers who want to implement the constructivism approach in their classes, especially ESL/EFL. The limitation of this article is that is uses a lot of technical vocabulary and people who reads it needs to know more about this topic. This article is useful to my research because the author mentions different wikis. However, the information of the article will be used it only a supplementary information.

H.D. Huang and K. Nakazawa (2009), An empirical analysis on how learners interact in wiki in a graduate level, Interactive Learning Environments , 18(3) 233-244.

I couldn´t open again the article to make the annotated bibliography. It's always a good idea to make notes at the time you find the resource.

Jones, F. (2008) Discipline management as an integrated system. Retrieved from http://www.fredjones.com/Positive_Discipline/Discipline_Ch18.html

This webside reviews the different ways of group management and the different problems that teachers face in different situations, also it gives some levels of management in order for teachers can apply in their classrooms and solve discipline problems. The text is directed to children; however it can be adapted for all ages because the strategies mentioned are useful for both children and young adults. This information is useful for my research because the strategies mentioned in the text can be applied in my subject of study, the different levels of management can be liked with control discipline through the use of technology.

Koenig, L. (2008). Smart discipline for the classroom United States of America: Corwin press

This part of the book reviews the causes of misbehavior and mentions some usual discipline methods. It gives a guide to make a little survey to students. The author mentions some misbehavior problems and explains some solutions for them, supporting the information explaining the context. This book is useful to my research topic because the information found in it help me at the time of carrying out my work. This information is going to support my research and it will be the basis of investigation.

Liuolienė, A. & Metiūnienė, R. (2006). Second language learning motivation. Filologija, Edukologija. 14(2)93–98 I don't see this resource in your references section above.   I see it now, but it's not alphabetized.

In this study is reviewed the concept of motivation and three main motivational psychology: expectancy-value theory, goal-directed theory and the self-determination theory. The method used in this study was a survey of references on the problem of language learning motivation, programmed of statistical data analysis SPSS. The main focus of this study was to evaluate students’L2 learning motives and their influence on the pedagogical process. The article is useful to my research as the author mentions that motivation is a factor to achieve learning, showing interest on what they do. The artcle was focused on students studying ESP. this article will be used to my research as a support of my information about the theory of motivation.

Ray, K., &.D. PH (2011). Effective behavior techniques and strategies in the classroom retrieved from http://www.parentsunitedtogether.com/page41.htmln

This webside focuses in the methods and strategies that teachers should follow to control discipline in the classroom. The author mentions some interventions to support their information. Also the author mentions the advantages and disadvantages of punishments and gives some useful ideas to apply the methods and strategies. The information of this webside will be useful for my research and it will be form the basis of it because I need to know about different strategies to control discipline.

Shu, W., Chuang,Y.(2011) The behavior of wiki users. Social behavior and personality. 39(6), 851-864.

This article reviews the effects that cause the use of wikis. The authors used a qualitative method to carry out the research, they managed questionnaires and they constructed a hypothesis. The research was made with 14 scholars with domain knowledge and experience with wiki collaboration and two professors of management information systems all of them from Taiwan. The article is useful to my research topic, as Shu, W., Chuang,Y suggest that wikis are regarded as important new knowledge management tools. The main limitation of the article is that the sample survey was restricted to small group students from a different country and the authors said that to have success using a wiki for any purpose, all the users need to be involved in it, knowing the intention of it. This article will be used as support of my research to form the structure of it.

Willis., J. (2010) Qualitative research methods in education and educational technology. Berlin Heidelberg: Springer.

The information of this book is about qualitative research methods in education, and it has a special part in which it talks about wikis, how they function, and some advantages and disadvantages of using them in a classroom. This information is directed for people who want use a community like this one in a classroom or out of the classroom. This book is useful to my research topic because I will need to now the functions and advantages and disadvantages of using it. This information will support my own study, it will be a supplementary information.

Feedback

  •  Word count 2,622; Work on your introduction, making sure that you state a problem in the first paragraph and that you include a thesis statement in your second paragraph that links to your problem. The reasons section of your thesis statement will be your topics you cover in each of the three sections of your literature review. Click here to see some helpful videos. Link your conclusion to your thesis statement and summarize the main points that you've previously discussed. Remember not to include any new information in your conclusion. Also, discuss future implications and ideas for further research related to your topic.  --Bnleez 15:53, 7 December 2011 (UTC)
  • Add a reference section and add your references. --Bnleez 13:15, 18 November 2011 (UTC)
  • See Adriana's AB and notice the organization. Alphabetize references and review where to use periods according to APA style. --Bnleez 13:03, 19 October 2011 (UTC)
  • See comments above. --Bnleez 00:41, 30 November 2011 (UTC)