SKILLS IN USING AUDIO-VISUAL MEDIUM

SKILLS IN USING AUDIO-VISUAL MEDIUM

A DIET may not have all the types of visuals mentioned. It may not have facilities/ equipment for using some of these for training,. However, all DIETS have an OHP and facilities for using it. The OHP has become and integral part of many training programmes. The use of the OHP has therefore been discussed in detail in the following section.

Visual Presentation Skills

Visual aids make presentation interesting by bringing in variety. Verbal presentations supported by visuals provide concrete ideas and richer experiences. Research shows that learning has always been better when auditory reception is aided by visuals.

The black board is one of the most commonly used visual aid. However, there are many other types of visuals that can be used for various purposes on training programmes.

THE OVERHEAD PROJECTOR

The Overhead projector, as the name implies, is a hardware used for projecting a transparent visual onto a screen placed behind the presenter.

Advantages of OHP

1. Provides enlarged visual
2. Can be used during the day
3. Allows trainees to face the class.
4. Is flexible in use.
5. Is easy to arrange and operate
6. Is cost effective
7. No skin or lung allergy caused.
8. Overcomes trainer incompetence
9. Saves writing time
10. Provides colourful visuals.

You may appreciate these advantages if you consider them against the chalkboard which is extensively used in training programmes.

THE MATERIAL FOR PROJECTION

The OHP can be used for projecting both verbal and visual material during a training programme. A few instances where the OHP can be used are listed below.

a) While presenting a sequence of points, stages, parts, components, processes etc.

b) For presenting ready reckoners, tables, worked-out examples, data, charts etc.

c) For presenting diagrams and drawings used as illustration/for explanations,

d) For showing charts and maps for explanation or an activity.

e) To display pictures and illustrations.

Teaching Learning Material

Varieties of Visual Aids

Example

Given below are a few examples commonly found in teaching/training.

AUDIO-VISUAL

1. MOTION PICTURE FILM

2. TELEVISION

3. CLOSED - CIRCUIT T.V.

4. VIDEO CASSETTES

PRINT

1. TEXT BOOK

2. REFERENCE

3. MAGAZINES

4. DOCUMENTS

5. DUPLICATED

DUPLICATED VISUAL

1. SUPPLEMENTARY READERS

2. BOOKS & NEWS PAPERS

3. CLIPPINGS

4. WRITTEN

5. MATERIALS

PROJECTED STILL VISUAL

1. OVERHEAD PROJECTOR

2. SLIDES

3. FILM STRIPS

4. MICROFILM, MICRO CARD MICRO FICHE

NON PROJECTED 3 DIMENSIONAL VISUAL

1. MODELS, MOCK-UP

2. GLOBES, RELIEF MAPS

3. SPECIMEN

4. PUPPETS.

NON PROJECTED-2 DIMENSIONAL VISUAL

1. PICTURES

2. CUT-OUTS

3. MAPS [1]

4. POSTERS, CHARTS, [2] GRAPHS, DIAGRAMS [3]

5. CARTOONS, COMICS [4]

Interestingly the OHP can also be used for projecting opaque material such as cut-outs of animals and leaves and also for showing movements such as those of small living brings like ants and insects.

The OHP should not be used for projecting detailed verbal material or too many diagrams at a time, because a crowded transparency does not aid a presentation.

DEVELOPING A TRANSPARENCY

The material for projection on an OHP is prepared on a transparency. There are different methods for developing a transparency. Since they have a relationship with the source from where the visual material is drawn, let us consider the sources first.

The verbal material for an OHP based presentation might come from

1. the notes of the presenter
2. textbooks
3. reference material
4. organized data

Visual material can be drawn from

1. a textbook
2. a drawing
3. a dictionary or an encyclopaedia
4. an atlas
5. a photograph or a picture

Some visual materials from the sources above can be retained in their original size and form others might require enlargement or reduction. Yet others might require adaptation. Such as colouring changing layout, highlighting, selecting etc.

Methods of preparation

 By free hand writing/drawing using marker pens

 By using ready letter /cut-outs

 By using stencils for letters / diagrams

 By normal photocopying

USING A TRANSPARENCY

A transparency can be used ether one at a time or as overlay. While using the transparency singly, the trainer, depending on the need, may display the entire material a time or show it in part, with suitable explanations/discussions in between

Example

The overlay technique is used when the trainer has some base material, such as an outline map and other filler material such as political boundaries of states or courses of rivers.

Reflection

SOME DO’S AND DON’T’S WHILE USING THE OHP: Do’s Focus and position image before presentation Stand to the side of the screen or more around so audience can see. Turn of projector Use six lines or less per visual use six words or less per line. Letters should be at least 1/2”. the larger the better Use colour Put captions on top. Have images in to two-thirds of visual position image at the top of the screen Use pen or ruler to point Use charts illustrations and cartoons Use upper and lower case Dont’s Focus and position after you are on the podium Walk or stand in front of the screen. Leave the projector on when you’ve talking about something Write closely on the whole of the transparency sheet Have images type-written or too small Use black and white visuals only Have images near bottom of the screen Use finger to point Use only words Use only capital letter

Try also to know about the skills of using a poster, the size of the letters, location of the picture, the colour combinations etc.,

The most important issue whenever a visual is used that you need to provide an introduction as to what needs to be observed and should invariably be followed by an analysis.

Web Resources

Useful Web links Visit the following sites for further details on using OHP Using Overhead Transparencies[[5]] USING THE OVERHEAD PROJECTOR EFFECTIVELY [[6]] Using an Overhead Projector [[7]] Use of Audio-Visual Aids [[8]] [[9]]