From Fertilisation to Gastrulation

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Preknowledge, Objectives and Competencies



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Preknowledge

  • Gastrulation in Amphibia, mammals and birds (BIOSCI 107)
  • Formation of the blastocyst and implantation (BIOSCI 107)
  • The inner cell mass and its derivatives (BIOSCI 107)
  • Formation of the 3 germ layers and their derivatives (BIOSCI107)




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Objectives

In this unit we will review the processes that lead from fertilisation to the implantation of the embryo. We will build on our prior knowledge and examine in detail the process of gastrulation and the early formation of the germ layers that will give rise to the adult tissues. Special emphasis will be placed on those structures that will have a direct effect on the development and formation of the nervous system



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Competencies

At the end of this unit you should be able to:
  • Describe the processes that take place between fertilisation and implantation
  • Describe the steps and events that lead to the transformation of the blastocyst into a gastrula
  • Describe the process of gastrulation and how it leads to the formation of the 3 germ layers
  • Describe the fate of the cells migrating through different streams along the primitive streak and node
  • Describe the final organisation of the elements formed during gastrulation
  • Predict the types of malformations that may be associated with disruption of any of the processes discussed


Activities and Reading Material



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Activity
During class, we will use the diagrams provided in the lecture notes to identify and label the different structures and use those as a platform to discuss the early processes of development




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Reading


  • Purves et al., Chapter 22 (pp. 542-547)
  • Jacobsen Chapter 1 (Sections: 'The Xenopus embryo' and 'The mouse embryo')

Assignments



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Assignment

After class, you are expected to review your notes and read the assigned text material. You are expected to contribute to the questions and definitions sections below. Please use the discussion page if you want to discuss any particular topic on the material. You are also welcome to add links to videos or audio files in the Media box or links to online resources in the Web Resources box below.


Questions



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Question

How would you describe the differences between amphibian and mammalian gastrulation?


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Question

What do amphibian and mammalian gastrulation have in common?


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Question

Cells migrate through different streaks under the ectoderm to give rise to different structures. Can you name these structures and describe how cells migrate to form them?


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Definitions


You should be able to provide structural and functional definitions for the structures associated with this topic: (blastocyst, gastrula, inner cell mass, epiblast, hypoblast, cellular trophoblast, syncitial trophoblast, amniotic cavity, yolk sac, blastocoel, primitive streak, node (aka Hensen's node), prechordal mesoderm, chordomesoderm (notochord)).


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Definition
Blastocyst:



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Definition
Gastrula:



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Definition
Inner Cell Mass:



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Definition
Epiblast:



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Definition
Hypoblast:



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Definition
Cellular Trophoblast:



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Definition
Syncitial Trophoblast:



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Definition
Amniotic Cavity:



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Definition
Yolk Sac:



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Definition
Blastocoel:



enter your definition here



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Definition
Primitive Streak:



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Definition
Node (a.k.a. Hensen's Node):



Enter your definition here



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Definition
Prechordal Mesoderm:



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Definition
Chordal Mesoderm (Notochord):



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Additional study material



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Media


For Illustration


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Web Resources



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Related Content

Go back to the introductory page Continue with Unit 2 (Specification and Differentiation of Tissues)