DeAnza College/CIS2/Fall 2009/Group 2

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Regulation of Police/police brutality

In this topic, we’re going to look at this topic by dividing it in two parts which are 1- Regulation of Police 2- Police Brutality In the both section we’re surveying and researching about Police in the U.S. So our outcomes will be contained the U.S. It might be some similarity between Regulation of Police/ Police Brutality, in the U.S and other countries as well.

Some information about Regulation of Police

http://www.ohio.edu/chastain/ip/police.htm

According to the web site address the rapid democratization of political life following the February revolution in Paris out paced police regulation until Louis Napoleon Bonaparte's coup d'état of December 1851. Recently historians, such as Maurice Agulhon, John Merriman, and Ted Margadant have shown that dialectic of revolution and repression unfolded after February 1848. Innovations in political organization elicited novelties in governmental repression. As a result, state brutality became more overt while political organization became more clandestine. Only Louis Napoleon Bonaparte's coup d'état in December was able to break this cycle. This event sparked the final armed insurrection in French history and represented the last sustained nationwide attempt at conspiratorial politics. The growing sophistication of police regulation and governmental repression over the period 1848-1851 insured that these forms of collective action were now obsolete. February 1848 produced the greatest political and social eruption since 1789. The immediate proclamation of freedom of the press and of assembly and association brought an avalanche of newspapers, clubs, and associations. To facilitate the exercise of these freedoms the revolutionary government refashioned the administrative and police machinery and removed much of the Orléanist personnel. Urban revolutionaries and workers were the first to benefit from this transformation. Only in 1849 did radicalism begin to make effective inroads into rural life. Federal Reserve regulation setting minimum down payments, maximum maturities, and other terms applicable to consumer credit, authorized by executive order during World War II and Congressional legislation in 1947-48. With the repeal of authorizing legislation in 1952, Regulation W was revoked.

A useful article from Guardian news paper

http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2009/oct/28/media-police-regulation-vacuum

Tony Travers, Wednesday 28 October 2009, in Guardian says: Three separate police-related stories have played out in the press in recent days. The Guardian has been running a story about the way the police have been photographing anti-arms protesters and others deemed to be potential "domestic extremists". Over at the Daily Mail, the police have been accused of criminalizing the over-40s. According to the Mail, as a result of an attempt to hit targets "the number of over-40s receiving a first conviction or caution has increased by half since 2001" Meanwhile the Daily Telegraph and the London Evening Standard, following a story in a police magazine, have been detailing the police's decision to carry guns in suburban areas of the capital. The Standard reported that "a team of 18 constables armed with sub-machine-guns, led by an inspector and two sergeants, will operate permanently in 'hotspots' in Brixton, Haringey and Tottenham". These stories have been given prominence by the print media, generating a response among their own readers and police authority members. The Guardian's story fits into a longer-running narrative about the policing of dissent, in particular the "kettling" of G20 protesters earlier in the year. The British police are not baddies. Against the background of the problems that plagued many forces in the past, contemporary police officers try hard to recognise the complexities of the society they are asked, along with teachers and social workers, to manage. Chief constables, with rare exceptions, seek to avoid becoming tangled in party politics or controversial issues. But the coincidental prominence given to the three policing issues highlighted above points to an awkward reality. Because operational policing is the responsibility of chief constables, elected politicians cannot determine issues such as when guns are to be carried, whether to hold photographic galleries of protesters or, indeed, the holdings of the DNA database. Perhaps more importantly, politicians cannot be held to account for difficult – or bad – policing decisions. Thus, it would be inappropriate, within the existing British policing settlement, for politicians to attempt to influence how the Metropolitan police commissioner or chief constables deploy their officers. The home secretary, the mayor of London and police authority members can have a role in non-operational matters, but operational business is left wholly in the hands of the police themselves. The vacuum left by this accountability gap is filled by the media, who highlight issues they believe require action and then put pressure on chief police officers to react. In effect, the press is a national police authority, using the power of disclosure and reputational damage to change operational policing decisions. The G20 policing style already seems to have changed, while the use of guns for routine patrol in London has been swiftly abandoned since the press got onto the case.

Conclusion of the article

But are the newspapers, TV and radio really an appropriate way to put pressure on operational policing decisions? We now appear to have arrived at a point where the media can get policing policy altered while politicians cannot. This is not to say that cabinet ministers, the mayor of London or police authorities should determine the detail of every police operation. But Britain does need to come up with an answer to the question of how exactly politicians should be involved in influencing, and thus taking responsibility for, the way the police deliver their services. Leaving it to the Guardian, the Mail, the Telegraph and the Standard surely isn't the answer.

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